A级考前技能教育—听力
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1 试题先容
理解是高档黉舍英语利用能力测验测试的第一部分,其目标是测试考生获得口头信息的能力。共15题,测验时候15分钟。这一部分包含三节:A节(Section A)是Dialogue(对话)部分,有5题,每题含一组对话,共两句,对话后有一个问句。B节(section B)为两个Conversations(会话),每个部分均含一组会话,会话后有2至3个问句,共5题。C节(Section C) 有5题,其题型是一篇约200词的短文,随后附有5个问句,要求考生在所给的5个未完全的答题里填进单词或词语,一般朗读两遍。
2 解题技能指导
(一)对话或会话部分应试技能
测试中对话或会话内容比较遍及,大致以衣食住行等平常糊口为首要话题。常见的发问情势有:
1) 对谈话内容、情节、感情、不雅点等题目,常常利用what 发问:
What does the man (woman) mean?
What do we learn from this conversation?
What will the man do?
2) 对工作产生的地址发问,常常利用 where:
Where does this conversation most probably take place?
3) 对时候发问,常有 when、 what 、time 、how long等:
What time is it now?
When did the man (do) …?
How long does the man have to (do) …?
4) 对数量,代价发问,常常利用 how much, how many:
How much does the man have to pay?
How many people took part in the competition?
5) 对篇章内容发问,也常常利用这类疑问词:
What is the main idea (topic) of the passage?
Which of the following is (not) true?
What do you learn from this passage?
According to the speaker, what is the …?
What does the speaker think of …?
(二)常见命题类型
1.判定题
这类题在测试中的比例较大。要求考生判定工作产生的时候、地址、人物关系、职业、身份。别的,还触及到建议、要求、不雅点、启事、目标、成果等。
例如(考生可听到):
W:How is your stomach?
M:It’s gone,thanks.I’v just been to the doctor and he took care of it.
Q:How is the man now?
(考生可看到):
A) He has a stomachache.
B) A doctor is treating his illness.
C) He needs to see a doctor.
D) He is all right. (湖北三级样题)
不雅察试题,考生会心识到本题是与身体状况有关的对话。在听的过程中,我们若只听到stomach…,gone…,thanks…,the doctor…and he took care of it 猜起来就不太精确。只有大致听清楚这些谈话之间的关系,抓住了“It’s gone .”,摆脱题目设计者的“障眼法”,to the doctor…took care of it才可以得出精确的答案D)。
又如(考生可听到):
M:I’m James Jackson. I called you yesterday to reserve a room for two days.
W:Yes, Mr.Jackson. Here is your key to Room 202.
Q:What is the relationship between these two speakers?
(考生可从试卷上看到):
A) Husband and wife.
B) Guest and receptionist.
C) Teacher and student.
D) Doctor and patient. (湖北三级样题)
不雅察试题,考生就会心识到本题多是有关谈话两边的职业或关系。有了这个底,在听的过程中,我们可捕获到如许的信息:reserve a room for two days,Here is your key to Room 202.我们可猜想这多是在某旅店办事台进步行的对话,对话者之间的关系应是Guest and receptionist.
2. 数据计较题
这类题在对话与短文中都可能呈现。要求考生获得有关数字的信息,有时还可能要进行一些简单的计较。这些数字包含代价、日期、年代、钟点、人物、物品件数、时刻表等,测试考生“刹时记忆”的能力。
例如(考生可以听到):
M:It’s a already 8:45,but our train hasn’t arrived yet.
W:Don’t worry,it’ll come in twenty minutes.
Q:When will the train arrive?
(考生可以从试卷上看到):
A) 8:15. B) 8:45. C) 8:20. D) 9:05.(上海交大三级样题)
从不雅察试题,考生就会心识到本题是关于时候的,在听的过程中,对有关时候的信息额外重视,会从对话中捕获如许的信息:It’s already 8:45.The train will come in twenty minutes.那么颠末简单的计较后,就会发现D) 是精确答案。
又如:
W: Bob, are you going straight home after school today?
M: No, I have a class until one o’clock, and after that I’m going to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home.
Q: When is Bob going home this afternoon? (CET4-90.1.6.)
A) Around 5:00 B) Around 3:00C) At 2:00 D) At 1:00
答案:B。
3.词汇题
这类题在短文中呈现较多,首要测试考生对某个词或短语的理解。
常常利用情势:What does the word (phrase) mean (imply, indicate) …?
What do you understand from …?
例如:
W: How often did you write home?
M: I used to write home once a week.
Q: What do you understand from the man’s answer? (CET4-90.12.)
A) He enjoys writing home every week.
B) He never fails to write a weekly letter home.
C) He doesn’t write home once a week now.
D) He has been asked to write home every week.
答案: C。
注: 本题重点测试短语 used to write的含义。
M: Nancy, why were you late today?
W: I overslept and missed the bus.
Q: Why was Nancy late? (—4 90.10.)
A) She got up later than usual.B) The bus was late.
C) She forgot she had classes.D) Her clock was slow.
答案: A。
注:本题重点测试动词 overslept 的含义。
W: John, do you want to go swimming with me today?
M: Sure. But I can’t leave now. I have an appointment with my professor at three o’clock.
Q: Why can’t John go swimming now? (CET4-95.6.4)
A) He must meet his teacher.
B) He must attend a class.
C) He must go out with his girlfriend.
D) He must stay at school to finish his homework.
答案:A。
注:本题重点测试短语 have an appointment with 的含义。
4.语法题
这类题多半呈此刻对话中,用以测试考生对某个语法现象(如:虚拟、倒装、夸大、否定等布局)的理解。
例如:
W: If the traffic wasn’t so bad I would have been home by 6 o’clock.
M: What a pity! John was here to see you.
Q: What happened to the man? (CET4-90.1.7)
A) He had to work overtime.B) He was held up in traffic.
C) His car ran out of gas.D) He had a traffic accident.
答案: B。
注:本题测试对虚拟语气的理解。
5.综合推理题
这是测试中要求较高的题型。考生不但要听懂对话或短文的内容,并且还要按照腔调和景象来判定其内涵含义,并作出回纳、推理和结论。
例如(考生可听到):
W:We’re going to have a party tomorrow.Would you like to come?
M:Thanks for your inviting me, but I’m afraid not.I have an appointment with my teacher.
Q:What does the man mean?
(考生可看到):
A) He has to see his teacher. B) He has some teaching to do.
C) He doesn’t want to go to the party. D) He is afraid of being invited.(湖北三级样题)
不雅察题目,我们可以获得的信息未几,猜想是要弄清楚“he”要干甚么或有甚么感受。若我们大致弄清楚那妇女是向男士发出聘请,那么男士是如何答复这聘请呢。“but”后面的内容就很首要。只有听清楚了but。后面的内容,才能作出精确的选择A) 。在我们测验中,对话中若呈现but…如许的句式,必然要尽力听清楚。其常常是该题的信息要点。
又如(考生可听到):
W:I need a car this weekend,but mine has broken down.
M:I’m sorry to hear it,but you can always rent one if you have a license.
Q:What does the man mean?
(考生可看到):
A) She can use his car. B) She can borrow someone else’s car.
C) She must get her car fixed. D) She can’t borrow his car.
不雅察题目,我们可以知道是有关车方面的事,多是女的用男的车,女的借他人的车,本身把车修好或不克不及借男的车,那么经由过程听对话,我们知道密斯需要用车,但她本身的车又坏了。而男士答复说“听到这很抱愧,但只要你有执照,随时都可以租一辆”。经由过程如许的对话,密斯想向男士借车的摸索及男士不克不及或不肯借车的弦外之音,考生可借助腔调、语速、语句揣度D) 为精确答案。
6.触及说话文化及布景常识的题
在测试中,因为少数考生不熟谙国外的文化布景常识,题答起来很坚苦。
M: Please buy two packs of cigarettes for me while you are at the store.
W: I am not going to any store. I’m going to see Aunt Mary, but I will get them for you at the gas station.
Q: Where will the woman stop on her way? (CET4-93.6.8)
A) At a cigarette store.B) At a bus station.
C) At a gas station.D) At Aunt Mary’s.
答案:C。
[解析]因为考生不知道国外的gas station不但出售汽油,也出售喷鼻烟等日用品这一平易近情,故把C项精确答案错为A项。
(三)单词听写部分应试技能
这部分侧重检测考生对单词的音,形,义的综合把握能力,一般说来,做听写填空题可按以下步调和技能进行:
1.听抄:即听到甚么内容写下甚么内容,要求考生有扎实的单词拼写能力,要从音、形、义,用四个方面进手,并连络上下文听懂该单词,如1997年6月考题复合式听写S1空格 中,No working day is identical to any other, so there is no “typical” day for a police officer. 很多考生都听懂了“typical” 一词,但却将其拼写为 “topical”,明显不体味 typical 派生于type (类型)一词,还有些考生将其拼为difficult, 或许是因为未能扎实把握形容词后缀 al的原因。
2.查抄: 在答完题后,需要查抄所填写的内容,查抄要从以下几个方面着手:
1) 时态、语态是不是精确?
2) 语意是不是通顺?英语中有很多读音类似或同音异形、异义词,选择哪个词应由整句话的句意及上下文的连贯性来决定。
3) 语句布局是不是完全?听的时辰,如冠词、介词可能听得不是很清楚,查抄时要按照上下文决定是不是需要。
总之,这一部分侧重查核学生听音时对语篇的理解能力和响应的书面表达能力,是一种综合能力的测试,也是冷暄中应用能力的夸大。现先容一些答题时的技能:
a.先浏览题目,再按照题目瞻看内容;
b.记住题目呈现的挨次与文章内容的挨次根基一致;
c.短文中的题目多为对细节内容的查核,是以选项加上题干的内容大致与文章的内容符合;
d.记住事务产生的时候和地址;
e.综合记忆短文中的事实和来由;
f.经由过程所给信息判定人物的身份及彼此间的关系。