3、长对话应试技能
题型特点
这是鼎新后的四级测验新增加的一个题型，固然对话长度增加了，但长对话和短对话在考查要点和技能方面有很多相通的地方，以上对短对话的解题技能一样合适于长对话。长对话综合了短对话对数字计较、地址场景、身份关系、建议、聘请、要求、同意、比较等的考查和短文对文章层次和理解能力的要求，是中介于短对话和短文之间的一种新题型。在测验中要求考生既要重视细节，又要重视整体掌控，这比以往的四级题目对综合能力的要求明显进步了。建议考生在平常平凡操练的时辰可以先把短对话和长段子两部分别离练好，再找一些长对话题目进行综合操练，如许才能在测验中立于不败之地。
解题技能
——预读选项，猜测对话的主题和题目测试的标的目标
——听时经由过程对话的开篇、结尾和几次呈现的关头词，弄清对话的核心内容
——边听边记，记下与选项有关的关头词
——侧重重视对话中一问一答的内容，多为考点
——听清题目，核实答案
样题阐发
在新出版的《大学英语四级测验（CET-4）试点测验样卷》中共设置了2个长对话，第一个长对话共9轮，题量为4题，第二个长对话共6轮，题量为3题。以下是对此中一篇长对话的阐发。
Conversation One
W: Hello, Gary. How’re you?
M: Fine! And yourself?
W: Can’t complain. Did you have time to look at my proposal?
M: No, not really. Can we go over it now?
W: Sure. I’ve been trying to come up with some new production and advertising strategies. （19）First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize our factory. New equipment should’ve been installed long ago.（20）
M: How much will that cost?
W: We have several options ranging from one hundred thousand dollars all the way up to half a million.
M: OK. We’ll have to discuss these costs with finance.
W: We should also consider human resources. I’ve been talking to personnel as well as our staff at the factory.
M: And what’s the picture?
W: We’ll probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help us modernize the factory.（21）
M: What about advertising?
W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.
M: TV? Isn’t that a bit too expensive for us? What’s wrong with advertising in the papers, as usual?
W: Quite frankly, it’s just not enough anymore.（22） We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors.
M: Will we be able to afford all this?
W: I’ll look into it, but I think higher costs will be justified. These investments will result in higher profits for our company.
M: We’ll have to look at the figures more closely. Have finance draw up a budget for these investments.
W: All right. I’ll see to it.
Questions 19 to 20 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What are the two speakers talking about?
A) The benefits of strong business competition.
B) A proposal to lower the cost of production.
C) Complaints about the expense of modernization.
D) Suggestions concerning new business strategies.
20. What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory?
A) It cost much more than its worth.
B) It should be brought up-to-date.
C) It calls for immediate repairs.
D) It can still be used for a long time.
21. What does the woman suggest about human resources?
A) The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.
B) A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory.
C) The entire staff should be retrained.
D) Better-educated employees should be promoted.
22. Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?
A) Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.
B) TV commercials are less expensive.
C) Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.
D) TV commercials attract more investments.
这篇对话篇幅较长，对话达到9个回合之多，这就给考生在短时候内从大量信息中寻觅答案制造了坚苦。不过若是我们再细心往看看我用下划线标示出来的这些内容，便可以发现这些部分就是4道题目标答案出处，我们细心不雅察会发现有三个特点：（1）每次答案的呈现都伴跟着一个题目，这申明问答的情势通常是长对话的考点，并且测验的重点常常落在答语上，这和短对话中表现的原则不谋而合，并且短对话中的建议、聘请、要求原则也和这里的环境及其类似；（2）实在不是每组问答都被作为考点，而作为测验重点的几组题目之间关联性是不大的，第一个题目考查了文章的首要意思, 从第二个题目开端别离考查了new business strategy 所闪现的3个方面的题目，此中每个方面选择了一个最首要的题目来考查，这又和短文考查编制很类似，每方面的内容只考查一道题目，并且出题的挨次和文章的挨次是一致的；（3）这段对话还呈现了一些首要的信息词，如 first of all, also等，来唆使对话主题触及的几个分歧方面的内容。这类逻辑联系词在长对话测验中很是首要，可使我们跟着对话的思路，掌控措辞者的话题、语气的改变。在测验中，这些词语还可以帮忙我们做出选择，我们在答题完成后，必然要把这些选项连在一路，看是不是合适全部对话的逻辑关系，若是发现前后有矛盾，应从头考虑。
第三节短文的题型特点和应试技能
题型特点
短文理解部分一般由三篇分歧体裁的小短文构成，每篇短文后有3-4个题目，总共10道题。短文和题目的灌音只放一遍，要求考生就每个题目从四个答案当选择最好答案。灌音速度为每分钟120-150词，文章的篇幅为150-300词摆布。这个部分因为信息量大，题材遍及，某些长句的句式复杂，因此难度也相对较大，考生常常因为文章太长，没有把握精确的编制而不克不及对峙集中重视力，抓不住要点，所以听的时辰也似懂非懂，跟不上文章的进度，听了后面的忘了前面的，成果在做题时也就心里没底了。
体裁阐发
大学英语四级测验短文理解的体裁可以分为三个方面，首要为群情文、申明文和记序文三大体裁。
（1） 记序文
记序文一般以故事的情势呈现，这类文章有必然的情节，比较有趣，浅近易懂。应当出格重视人物的说话，同时捕获并记录可以答复who, what, when, where, how and why等题目的有关信息，同时正视因果、转折等标识表记标帜词，从而抓住故事成长的脉络，理解全文。人物传记也属于记序文，通常为对真人真事的记叙，大多记叙中外汗青上一些精采的政治家、科学家、文艺家的生平事迹或事业上的成绩，也能够是记叙通俗人物的特别经历和事迹。测验应当出格重视人物的生卒年代地址、首要事迹年代，和对人物的社会评价，这些一般都是较着的考点。
（2） 申明文 申明文也是常见的体裁，触及交通东西、环境污染、风土情面等多方面，它凡是是用来讲明一些科普常识、糊口常识或社会题目。申明文中科普短文比较多，不像小故事，贫乏趣味性，一般比较难懂。有时短文的句子布局较为复杂，有时会同化一些专业术语，这都增加了短文的难度。因为申明文体裁遍及，考生应当熟谙以下几种主题的文章。①风土情面类。这类文章包含对英美等西方国度的机构设施先容和西方文学艺术的申明，以往真题中触及过的主题多种多样，如英国监狱先容、伦敦出租车司机环境、吉普赛人的环境、美洲农作物汗青、闻名作家及其作品等。②黉舍教育类。这类文章也侧重于英美教育系统的先容，如英语进修、教育环境、美国粹校教育轨制、躲书楼利用先容等。③平常糊口类。这类文章包含以申明文情势描述的平常利用的糊口用品，如电脑、服饰、册本等，和平常糊口中常常谈论的话题和勾当，如家庭糊口、独生后代、税收等。④科普类。这类文章包含先容动植物、神秘天然现象、东西的发现等主题。
（3） 群情文
群情文通常是学科专家对某一概念、社会现象或呈现的某些题目进行简单的描述、揭露、阐发和研究。主题触及政治、经济、家庭、代沟、宠物、收集、女权等社会热点题目，并对这些题目进行主不雅的评论。
因为这类短文的选材通常为比较热点的话题，考生在平常平凡糊口中或多或少可以经由过程各类媒体或路子有所接触，考生在做这类题目时，不要把本身的主不雅判定带到做题中，而应以作者的目光往看这些题目。听这类体裁的短文时，要重视段落开端的泛论点和段落中间的各分论点，重视论点和论据之间的逻辑联系和文章中的暗示过渡的联接词。
应试技能
——预读选项，瞻看短文的主题和设置的题目，短文一般出题的挨次和文章的挨次是一致的
——要抓住短文中的主题句，重视文中的段首句和结尾句，从而抓住短文的主题
——重视文中的信息标识表记标帜词（常见的标识表记标帜词见后），一般标识表记标帜词后，常常会出题
——重视短文中的问句和下定义的处所，因为文中呈现自问自答的设问句和下定义时，一般会夸大答案和定义，这时候答案和定义部分凡是会出题
——边听边记，抓住短文的首要事实和细节，出格重视选项中呈现的时候、地址、人物和数字等信息，并在选项旁边做出标识表记标帜
——边听边找答案，听到甚么选甚么。这时候答案一般分两种环境：①选项中呈现文章中的原词原句；②选项是对文章中某个词句的诠释或替代
——听清题目，肯定答案。这时候答案一般有以下几种环境：①若是四个选项在短文中只提到一个，那么这个通常是精确选项；②若是四个选项在短文中提到两个或两个以上，一般特别夸大的阿谁选项为精确答案，这时候必然要在旁边做记号，听清题目，然后做出选择
——保持杰出的心态，碰到没听懂的处所，不要过量纠缠，从速集中精力听后面的内容
短文中常见的信息标识表记标帜词
短文的布局一般都比较严谨，逻辑性强，在短文中常常会呈现承前启后，表白上下文关系的信息标识表记标帜词，并且测验经常常会对这些词后紧跟的内容设置考题，所以抓住这些标识表记标帜词，可以帮忙考生在中更能精确的抓住关头信息，从而减轻的承担。常见的信息标识表记标帜词首要有：
暗示数字的信息词：通俗数字、小数、分数、百分比、代价、比率、年代、时刻
暗示举例的信息词：for example, for instance, as a case in point, in the case of, as an illustration, such as, like, that is, say
暗示比较的信息词：similarly, likewise, in the same manner, the same…as, like, both, equally important
暗示对比的信息词：on the contrary, on the other hand, by contrast, unlike, whereas, rather than, conversely, the opposite is true
暗示让步的信息词：although, though, nevertheless, however, but, yet, admittedly, it is true…but, in spite of, even though
暗示启事的信息词：because, as, since, for, owing to, due to, as a result of, on account of
暗示成果的信息词：thus, so, hence, consequently, therefore, accordingly, for this reason, as a consequence
暗示夸大的信息词：chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, to be true, actually, above all, most important, worse, as a matter of fact, no doubt
暗示递进的信息词：first, second, in the first place, in the second place, next, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, for one thing, for another, not only…but also…
暗示结论的信息词：in conclusion, in short, on the whole, finally, lastly, to sum up, to conclude, in any event
真题示例
（1）请看99年6月第1篇
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) To protect persons and property.
B) To collect taxes.
C) To teach and train citizens.
D) To save natural resources for future use.
12. A) By selling services that make life comfortable.
B) By selling land containing oil.
C) By selling public lands.
D) By selling coal and other natural products.
13. A) Environmental pollution and protection
B) Taxes and services for the public.
C) Police efforts to protect people.
D) People’s attitude toward taxes.
经由过程预读，我们可以从选项中几次呈现的一些词，如 taxes, service, selling land, police, public, citizens等，我们可以揣度出这篇短文应当是与税收、公共办事等有关，应当是一篇群情文。然后我们再阐发这几个题的选项，第11题的四个选项都是不定式，不定式一般暗示将来或目标，这时候我们听得时辰就应当集中重视力于短文中呈现将要做某事或暗示目标的句子等细节；第12题四个选项都是以by selling 开首，这时候我们听得时辰就应集中重视力听短文中呈现与卖甚么有关的细节，听到甚么就选甚么；第13题四个选项都是概括性的句子，按还是识此题应当是查核考生对这篇短文大意的理解，这时候，我们听的时辰应当侧重听文章的段首句、段尾句，从全文进手，掌控短文的精华。经由过程听这篇短文，我们可以发现第11题和第12题都可以从文中直接听到，只要我们听的时辰，对峙先预读选项，边听边看选项，边听边选，听到甚么选甚么，若是一道题同时听到两个以上的选项，在选项旁边做好记号再听清题目，就可以做出精确的选择。 第13题，从全篇来看，这篇文章多次提到税收，公共办事等，测验时也不难做出精确的选择。
We use all sort of services without thinking about how get them. （13）But such services cost money. We pay for them through taxes. What would happen if everyone in the city stop paying taxes? The water supply would stop, the street might not get cleaned, there would be not police force to protect people and property. (11）The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property. More than three fourths of the money spent by our government is used for this purpose. The next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on school and libraries. Public money is used to pay the teachers and other public officials.（12） Years ago the government make money from the sale of public lands. But most of the best public lands have now been sold. The money raised was used to help pay the cost of government. There are still some public lands that contain oil, coal, and other natural products. They could be sold, but we want to save them for future year. So we all must pay our share for the（13） services that make our lives comfortable.
11. What is the chief duty of every government?
12. How did the government raise money in the past?
13. What is the passage mainly about?
参考答案：11. A 12. C 13. B
（2） 再看2005年6月的第3篇，这也是样题中的第二篇
18. A) Beauty B) Loyalty
C) Luck D) Durability
19. A) He wanted to follow the tradition of his country
B) He believed that it symbolized an everlasting marriage
C) It was thought a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart
D) It was supposed that the diamond on that finger would bring good luck
20. A) The two people can learn about each other’s likes and dislikes
B) The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match
C) The two people can have time to shop for their new home.
D)The two people can earn enough money for their wedding
经由过程快速预读，我们发现几次呈现及可能的关头词：he, two people, finger, diamond, marriage, have time, good match, wedding 等等。由此可以推出，短文中可能会先容英语国度的婚姻风俗及成婚戒指等方面的内容。第18题四个选项是四个抽象名词，连络后面两道题的选项，题目可能会问某个物品代表或意味甚么。第19题四个选项都很长，前两个主语一致，谓语稍有辨别，但都和和人的主不雅欲看或决定信念有关，后两个选项的句式也根基上一样，也与人的主不雅欲看和猜想有关。再看看本题的几个关头词：finger, diamond, tradition, marriage, good luck 等，再按还是识，本题可能会问某个手指与完竣婚姻之间的关系，再连络diamond 我们很轻易知道该题目应当与砖戒戴在哪个手指上和如许做的启事。第20题四个选项都是以two people can 开首，很较着是指新郎与新娘。再看四个选项中的分歧处：learn about each other’s likes and dislikes, have time to decide if they are a good match, have time to shop for their new home, earn enough money for their wedding 等，可以猜测出题目多是问新郎与新娘在成婚前为甚么会有一段时候的预备期。按照短文的解题技能，很轻易选出这几个题的答案。
The period of engagement is the time between the marriage proposal and the wedding ceremony. Two people agree to marry when they decided to spend their lives together. The man usually gives the woman a diamond engagement ring. That tradition is said to have started when an Austrian man gave a beauty. He placed it on the third finger of her left hand. He chose that finger because it was thought that the blood vessel in that finger went directly to the heart. Today we know that this is not true, yet the tradition continues.
Americans generally are engaged for a period of about one year, if they are planning a wedding ceremony and a party. During this time, friends of the bride may hold a party at which women friends and family members give the bride gifts that she will need as a wife. These could include cooking equipment or new clothing. Friends of the man who is getting married may have a bachelor party for him. This usually takes place the night before the wedding. Only man are invited to the bachelor party.
During the marriage ceremony, the bride and her would-be husband usually exchange gold rings that represent the idea that their union will continue forever. The wife often wears both the wedding ring and the engagement ring on the same finger. The husband wears his ring on the third finger on his left hand. Many people say the purpose of the engagement period is to permit enough time to plan the wedding. But the main purpose is to let enough time pass so the two people are sure that they want to marry each other. Either person may decide to break the engagement, if this happens, the woman usually returns the ring to the man. They also return any wedding gifts they have received. 18. What was the diamond ring said to represent? 19. Why did the Austrian man place the diamond ring on the third finger of the left hand of his would-be wife? 20. What is the chief advantage of having the engagement period? 参考答案：18）A 19）C 20）B
