Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: There is an old saying that “Clothes make the man.” How do you understand the saying ? You are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on this topic. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1.你对该谚语的理解
2.你(不)赞同这种这种说法以及理由
(注：题目自拟)
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
How to Create a Home Library
“I cannot live without books,” declared U.S. President Thomas Jefferson to his friend John Adams. Indeed, Jefferson was an obsessive book collector from a young age, amassing (收集) three separate home libraries in his lifetime. Jefferson’s library was considered the finest in the country, and his collection doubled the holdings of the Library of Congress. Still, Jefferson didn’t let the shelves at Monticello sit empty. By the time he died 11 years later, he had more than 2 000 volumes in his library.
Jefferson’s library might fit your conception of an old-fashioned home library with leather-bound books, wood paneling and uncomfortable furniture. But home libraries can be a dynamic expression of the owner’s personality. Creating a home library is a fun way to display your interests while establishing a special space for reading.
Home Library Organization
When you started using the public library, you probably learned about Melvil Dewey and his system for ordering libraries. The Dewey Decimal Classification System has ten broad categories for organizing books,including philosophy, religion and the arts. Each category is assigned a number, so for example, when you want a book on modern art, you head to the 700 block. Larger libraries, such as those at universities, tend to use the Library of Congress Classification System because it offers a more specific array of subjects for categorization, adding subjects such as medicine and law for a total of 21 categories.
Your home library may or may not be as large as your local public library, but a good system of organization will still help you find the book you want quickly, You could take a page from Dewey and the Library of Congress and sort books by subject matter. Sections for subjects such as history, technology or fiction might make their retrieval easier. This system also would allow you to highlight a particular passion, such as an extensive collection of World War Ⅱ history.
Here are some other ways to organize a collection.
Alphabetizing by author works well for fiction but not necessarily for nonfiction books of various subjects.
Judging a book by its cover is usually frowned upon, but sorting by color can be aesthetically pleasing to some . Those generally forgetful about the colors of their books might disagree.
After a painful breakup, the main character in Nick Hornby’s book High Fidelity organizes his record collection autobiographically in the order he acquired them. A chronological organization might include shelves that track the progress of your life, from beloved childhood reading and college textbooks to parenting books.
To some readers, there are two ways to look at books: read and unread . Prioritizing (区间优化次序) when you might need the book will allow you to keep unread books at the forefront of your collection ,as well as books you reach for frequently, such as reference books or favorite novels.
Library Furniture
While it might be difficult for a book lover to spend money on something other than books, at some point, you will need some bookshelves. Built-in, bookshelves can provide floor-to-ceiling storage and space savings. They can be tucked under staircases or other out-of-the-way spaces; however, they’re not a good choice for renters, and they can respresent a big investment in terms of price and installation. Freestanding bookcases are widely available in a variety of sizes, colors and price points. You can also mount hanging bookshelves onto the wall or buy glass cases, which might be preferable if your collection includes antique books that you want to preserve.
Sagging poses the main threat to bookshelves. A bookshelf that is 36 inches long should have shelves at least one inch thick. If it’s longer, then it should be thicker so that it won’t droop under the weight. One tip for maximizing space on the shelves is to use adjustable bookshelves, so that very small books don’t take up space that can be better used for taller coffee table books. You can also decorate bookshelves with personal items, such as photographs and souvenirs. Not only will this break up the rows of books visually, it will also give you room to expand as your collection grows.
As your bookshelves creep up the wall, you may need a library ladder to reach them. While any step stool or ladder will do, rolling library ladders add an elegant, whimsical (异想天开的) touch. The ladders attach to the shelf on a tracking rod, and the bottom of the ladder has wheels, so that you can move effortlessly from one end of the library to the other.
When considering other library furniture, think about how you’ll be using the room . If you’ll be writing and taking notes on your reading, you may want a desk or a lap desk. Desks and bookstands are also helpful for reading those big volumes that are too heavy to hold up comfortably. Overstuffed couches and chairs will beckon guests to spend a few hours reading, but if you fall asleep as soon as you hit the couch, you may need to consider other options, particularly if you’ll be doing scholarly or professional reading.
Wherever you’re sitting, it will be hard to enjoy a library if you’re suffering from eyestrain, fatigue and headaches, which can all be brought on by poor lighting. When selecting lighting, look for a lamp that will help you see the smallest text you read. The lamp should be positioned over your shoulder, so that the light is not directly in your eyes. Positioning it this way will also help to minimize glare. Your lamp should be brighter than the rest of the room but not that much brighter. However, all light will eventually damage books, so use it at a minimum.
Book Care
Do you devour books quickly ? You’re not the only one. Some insects love books, but not for a good story. Book-worms are not just those readers that have their nose in a book all the time. The more dangerous kind will tunnel through the book, eat the pages and lay eggs in it.
Once you identify an infestation, isolate the affected books. In some cases, you can seal the books in plastic bags and freeze them to kill the insects. Keeping your library free of excess moisture and dust will help to prevent an attack by these insects and vermin (害虫).
Controlling moisture and dust doesn’t just keep away the book bugs though . Moisture in the air will also promote the growth of fungus and mold. Mold develops at temperatures greater than 70 degrees Fahrenheit, and with 65 percent relative humidity. Dehumidifiers will suck excess moisture out of the air, moisture that could otherwise lead to loose bindings, stains and mildew. Oppositely, too little humidity can dry out books, so use a humidifier in the drier winter months. Dust is also a magnet for moisture and mildew, so periodically dusting the tops of books will keep them clean.
In addition to a humidifier, you also might need a fan to keep the library well ventilated. Books should be stored away from radiators and kept in a room between 60 oF and 70 oF. Air conditioners and fans are fine to use to keep the temperature down. Extreme heat will damage books; if heat occurs in a room with low humidity, the fibers in the books will dehydrate, turning the pages brittle. In combination with high humidity, heat creates ideal growing conditions for mold.
As we mentioned in the last section, lighting can damage books because it leads to bleaching (漂白), fading and eventual deterioration. Natural lighting is the most dangerous. If your library has windows, draw the blinds or curtains to minimize injury. Limiting the intensity light and duration of exposure will help to preserve the books.
1.During the whole life, Jefferson ____________.
A)built three libraries for Congress B)built three libraries at his home
C)donated books for three libraries D)collected books from three libraries
2.Why do universities usually use the Library of Congress Classification System ?
A)Because it is more popular than other systems.
B)Because it is more modern than other systems
C)Because it is more specific in arranging subjects.
D)Because it is less difficult than other systems.
3.Who might dislike the idea of arranging books by their colors ?
A)Those who like painting on the bookshelves.
B)Those who tend to arrange anything scientifically.
C)Those who are color-blind.
D)Those who usually cannot remember the colors of books.
4.If you rank the books according to the frequency they might be touched, you’d better put _____.
A)reference books at the most important position
B)brand-new books at the most important position
C)dog-eared books at the most important position
D)all the novels at the most important position
5.The treasured books should be put in ________.
A)built-in bookshelves B)freestanding bookcases
C)hanging bookshelves D)glass cases
6.If you are doing academic reading in your library, you’re advised _________.
A)to hit overstuffed couches and chairs to produce ideas
B)to beckon guests to sit in the coaches or chairs
C)not to use overstuffed couches and chairs
D)not to stuff comfortable coaches or chairs
7.How do you choose proper lighting for your reading in the library ?
A)The light should cover most areas in the room.
B)The light should come over your shoulder.
C)The light should not be brighter than other lights in the room.
D)The light should only focus on the smallest text.
8.In order to prevent your books from being damaged by insects, you should make your library avoid ______________.
9.The proper temperature for storing books is ________________.
10.To reduce the damage of books in a room with windows, you have to ________________.
