Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) 重视：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of
Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 扶植绿色校园很首要
2. 绿色校园不但指绿色的环境……
3. 为了扶植绿色校园，我们应当……
Creating a Green Campus
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid
Good grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid.
But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.
George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接管者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.
Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008.
Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school.
For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running.
But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,” says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum.
Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it.
“As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.
Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,” Inzer says, but “to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”
Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level.
Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.
But in recent years, a growing chorus(如出一口)of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need.
David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors.
“No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption(豁免)from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, “This is a merry-go-round that’s going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.”
A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.
That’s one reason Allegheny College doesn’t plan to drop merit aid entirely.
“We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,” says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny’s vice president for enrollment.
Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment(捐赠), meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program.
“Yeah, we’re playing the merit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. “The fact of the matter is, it’s not just about the lowest-income people. It’s the average American middle-class family who’s being priced out of the market.”
*A few words about merit-based aid:
Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.
Academic merit scholarships are based on students’ grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. 来历: 恒星进修网
Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel(凸起)in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee(裁判). Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.
Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio(选辑)of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.
1. With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education, a number of colleges are ________.
A) offering students more merit-based aid B) revising their financial aid policies
C) increasing the amount of financial aid D) changing their admission processes
2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago?
A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.
B) It added $ 2.5 million to its need-based aid program.
C) It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether.
D) It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students.
3. The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to ______.
A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollments
C) attract good students D) increase their revenues
4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______.
A) it doesn’t pay to spend $ 1 million a year to raise its ranking
B) it gives students motivation to award academic achievements
C) it’s illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its students
D) it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition
5. In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to ______.
A) more government funding to colleges B) fierce competition among institutions
C) the increasing number of top students D) schools’ improved financial situations
6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird?
A) They would like to see it reduced.
B) They regard it as a necessary evil.
C) They think it does more harm than good.
D) They consider it unfair to middle-class families.
7. Why doesn’t Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely? A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families. B) With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid. C) Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it. D) Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid. 8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain ______. 9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee who ______ their exceptional athletic performance. 10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their ______ in a particular artistic field Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A
重视：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
A) already B) analyzed C) aspects D) characters E) contributing F) describing
G) established H) quality I) quoted J) recording K) recruited L) total
M) unconscious N) unsure O) yet
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.
Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.
These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.
It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.
Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.
57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?
A) She serves as a role model for African women.
B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.
C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.
D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.
58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?
A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.
C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.
59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?
A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.
B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.
C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.
D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.
60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?
A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,
B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.
C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.
D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.
61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?
A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.
B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.
C) Outshine previous First Lady.
D) Fully display her fine qualities.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.
Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.
The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (勾当家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.
Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.
In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”
Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.
62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?
A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.
B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.
C) American universities are enrolling more international students.
D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.
63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?
A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds.
C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience.
64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?
A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.
B) Their operation is under strict government supervision.
C) They are strengthening their position by globalization.
D) Most of their revenues come from the government. 65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _____. A) she was known to be good at raising money B) she could help strengthen its ties with Yale C) she knew how to attract students overseas D) she had boosted Yale’s academic status 66. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development? A) They can enhance the university’s image. B) They will bring with them more international faculty. C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective. D) They can set up new academic disciplines. 2009年12月大学四级测验答案详解
Part Ⅰ Writing
审题谋篇
本次四级作文主题为“绿色校园”，这是一个看似简单通俗的话题，写起来却不是那么轻易。因为很多考生对“绿色校园”所表达的内涵感受比较冷僻。假定对“绿色校园”这一主题感应难以掌控，考生可以从作文提纲进手进行阐发以获得对“绿色校园”这一概念的相干信息。
按照作文提示2，可以看出此处的“绿色校园”指的决不但仅是青青的草地和高大的树木构成的校园绿色风光，也不但仅指对校园环境的器重和爱护保重，而是指一种环境庇护的文化空气和师生具有的环境素养，和由此带来的调和的人文环境和社会绩效。在深切理解概念的根本上，考生还应对 “绿色校园”的首要性进行分解，这时候，考生可以从多个角度组织素材，比如从校园的环境题目解缆，进而扩大到师生的环境意识对“绿色校园”所产生的长远意义和为将来环境改良所做的进献。最后是阐述扶植“绿色校园”所要采纳的办法。
需要重视的就是作文给分的重点在于考生若何用得当的说话词汇表达本身的思惟不雅点。而不是写得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三个天然段，大体十句话，根基的漫衍为首段、末段合起来五句或六句，中间段五句或四句，做到布局清楚，重点凸起，便可以了。
参考范文
Creating a Green Campus
Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining “a green earth” being the focus of the society, “green campus” has become a more and more popular concept in universities or colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society.
The concept of “green campus” does not only mean a green environment but also refers to an environmental sense in people’s mind. Campus plays a crucial role in educating the young generation and the consciousness of “green campus” will definitely produce a profound effect on students’ various environmental protection activities after their graduation. What’s more, the young generation is under the burden of severe environmental pollution and there are many problems waiting for them to solve.
To make “green campus” come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective principles for the development of sustainable and recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for people’s awareness of the serious pollution around us and actual action to reduce the waste. Last but not least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society, so as to ensure that “green campus” can work smoothly with the co-effort of the whole society.
扶植绿色校园
迩来，跟着扶植并保持“绿色地球”的不雅念成为社会存眷的核心，“绿色校园”同样成为校园里风行的话题。这无疑会给我们的校园和社会带来长远的好处。
“绿色校园”不但仅指绿色的环境，还包含人们脑筋中的环境意识。黉舍在培养年青一代上起着关头感化，“绿色校园”的意识必然会对学生毕业后的环境庇护意识产发展远影响。更加首要的是，年青一代面对着严重的环境污染，有太多题目等候他们往解决。
为使“绿色校园”成为实际，起首应当拟定出可延续成长、可长远成长的有效政策。其次，还需要人们对环境污染的严厉性有精确熟谙并采纳实际施动切实削减污染。最后但一样首要的是，有需要加强黉舍和社会的联系以便在全社会的共同尽力下使“绿色校园”顺利实施。
范文点评
范文以“绿色校园”开篇，包管了文章切题。第一段开门见山，夸大当今环保理念下构建“绿色校园”的长远意义。第二段，侧重会商“绿色校园”的含义，指出“绿色校园”不但指校园中的绿化，还指糊口在校园中的人们的绿色和环保意识，把校园这个小环境和社会这个大环境连络起来，说理加倍深切。第三段是谈及具体的做法，分1、2、三点进行阐述，无疑是使“绿色校园”的理念落在实处。布局完全，首尾呼应，用词精确。关系词的精确利用让句与句之间、段与段之间跟尾紧凑，思惟表达成熟有深度。
【活泼的用词】 maintain保持;concept概念;profound长远的;sustainable可延续的;recyclable可循环的。
【丰富的短语】bring benefit to带来好处;play a crucial role in阐扬关头感化;under the burden of在……重负下;come true实现;call for要求。
【多变的句式】
范文中长句、短句、简单句、复杂句交叉利用。分歧句型之间的转换，能让阅卷教员更好地体味考生对句子布局的把握应用，从而获得高分。
避错指导
本次作文在题材上，固然仍然延续了我们所熟谙的校园类话题，但与社会布景有很大关系。方才终结的哥本哈根世界气候大会使环保减排这个主题成为核心，在全球都倡导可延续成长、调和成长这一布景下的“绿色校园”，同时也是一个社会热点话题，这是我们审题时所必须考虑的。别的开篇时，切忌牵丝攀藤，应直接了当，使阅卷教员对文章主题一目了然。
除精确审题以外，考生还应重视说话的精确应用，不落窠臼。分歧句型之间转换时，考生应对句子布局周全把握，避免句式弊端造成扣分。
最后，应尽可能避免单词拼写弊端。本次作文常见的卷面拼写弊端以下表：
精确拼写 词性及词义 弊端的拼写
focus n. 核心 focuse
effect n. 影响 effection /affect
environment n. 环境 envirment/invironment
burden n. 承担 burdon
solve v. 解决 slove
serious a. 严厉的 serous
true a. 真的 ture
society n. 社会 soceity
theory n. 理论 thery
总之，考生在构思和过程中要尽可能做到思路完全，恰到好处地选择词汇。事实成果，无错表达才是四级说话表达合格的核心。 来历: 恒星进修网
能力拓展
【同义词转换】
作文表达除精确，还要做到句式多变，词汇矫捷多样。
1. realize → be aware of 意想到
We’d better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us. 我们最好意想到四周污染的严重性。
2. keep → preserve 保持
It is necessary to educate the students to be conscious of the importance to preserve the environment. 有需要教育学生意想到庇护环境的首要性。
3. lead → conduct 指导
This will help conduct the activities of the college students. 这有助于指导大学生的行动。
【话题备考锦囊】
6. The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment. “绿色校园”毫不但仅是一个绿色环境。
7. The construction of “a green campus” will greatly stimulate students to take part in various environmental protection activities. 扶植“绿色校园”将会极大鼓励学生参与环境庇护。
8. To bring “a green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken.实施“绿色校园”，必须采纳有效办法。
9. Campus construction is of vital importance not only to the physical development of students but to their mental health as well. 校园扶植不但对学生的身体成长很首要，并且对他们的心理健康也很首要。
10. There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus. 毫无疑问，对绿色校园应当授予更多的思虑。
【话题词汇拓展】
devastation n. 破坏
disastrous a. 损掉惨痛的
doom v. 厄运，毁灭
existence n. 存在，糊口
healthful a. 健康的
messy a. 肮脏的，混乱的
participation n. 分享，参与 preserve v. 保存，庇护
preventive a. 预防性的
purify v. 澄清，净化
stimulation n. 鼓励，鼓舞
arouse consciousness 唤起意识
命题风向标
本次作文难度适中，与之前测验中呈现的“限塑”主题有千丝万缕的联系。考生要想在本次作文中获得高分，除审题得当独到，还要有扎实的说话根本。如本文主题“绿色校园”可以采取多种表达：green campus和environmental-friendly campus;“绿色校园的构建”可利用create，build up，establish和construct等，以表现考生对词汇多样性的堆集。
从存眷白色污染，到存眷博物馆免费开放，再到绿色校园的构建，四级作文命题重点在侧重校园类话题的同时开端向与大学生糊口有关的话题转移。由此也凸显了对积年阐发的首要意义。更多地安身，总结规律，切实进步本身的说话能力，始终是四级作文备考的底子。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
篇章布局
核心词汇
1. aid n. ①帮忙，支援 ②助手v. 帮忙，支援
【用】financial aid经济支援;merit aid/ Merit-based奖学金;need-based aid助学金或经济帮助;foreign aid外援，对外支援;hearing aid助听器;aids and appliances器具，设备【搭】in aid to用来帮忙，起……感化;lead one’s aid (to)支援，赐与帮忙;in aid of作为支援……之用【拓】aidance n. 协助，帮忙;aidant a. 帮忙的;aided a. 辅助的
2. project v. ①设计 ②发射n. 事业，打算，工程
【用】Project Hope但愿工程;project manager项目经理;project plan项目打算;project budget项目预算，工程预算【拓】projection n. 凸起，发射;projecting a. 凸起的
3. selective a. 选择性的
4. 【用】selective analysis重点阐发;selective breeding选择育种，选择性滋长 【拓】select v. 遴选，提拔a. 精选的;selection n. 选择，遴选，选集
5. package n. 包裹;套装软件，法度包a. 一揽子的
【用】package design包装设计;package agreement一揽子放置，一揽子方案;package holiday(观光社放置一切的)一揽子旅游;package tour包办观光(线路、地址、时候和用度等均作同一规定和放置的旅游);package program组装法度【拓】pack n.包装，背包v. 包装，压紧;packaged a. 袋装的;packager n. 打包机
6. ranking a. 甲等的;n. 等第，地位
【用】ranking list排名;ranking method等第法，排序法【拓】rank n. 等第;队列;v. 摆列，列队
7. grant v. ①授予 ②承认;n. ①授予物 ②拨款
【用】grant of a patent授予专利权【搭】take…for granted以为……是不移至理; Granted/Granting that即便……(也)【拓】grants n. 补助金，补助(grant的复数)
8. enrol v. 挂号，进学，参军，注册
【搭】enrol in选课，插手【拓】enrollment n. 挂号，参军;enrollee n. 进学者，参军者
9. eliminate v. 消弭，解除
【用】eliminate illiteracy扫盲;eliminate poverty消弭贫苦;eliminate noise 消弭噪声【拓】eliminate 是指把已进进者从中解除;exclude v. 指把想进进者拒之门外
10. qualify v. 使具有资格，证实……合格【用】qualifying examination资格测验，初试;qualifying competition预选赛，资格赛 【搭】qualify as 获得……资格，作为……合适;qualify for有……的资格，合格【拓】qualified a. 有资格的，合格的
11. excel v. 胜过，优于，善于n. [计较机] 软件名称
【搭】to excel in/at (在某方面)胜过(或超越)他人;to excel in music 善于音乐【拓】 excellent a. 极好的，出色的;excellence n. 优良，好处
12. submit v. 使从命，提交【用】submit oneself to discipline遵循规律;submit registration提交挂号表，提交注册【搭】submit to 从命;submit…to 将……呈交给【拓】 submission n. 从命，降服佩服
试题详解
1. 【原题译文】跟着愈来愈多的低收进学生寻求高档教育，一些学院__。
B【快速解题】本题的题干关头词是more and more，low-income students和pursuing higher education。由此便可定位到原文第二段，全文的大旨段。
【篇章阐发】原文第二段指出：“But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as merit aid, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.”原文中with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population和题干中with more and more low-income students pursuing higher education意思一致;原文中re-examining和B选项中revise意思不异。所以答案为B。
2. 【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了甚么?
D【快速解题】本题的题干关头词是大学名称Allegheny College in Meadville和do，由此定位到原文第三段。
【篇章阐发】原文第三段指出：“George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients (接管者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.”题目中的D项It cut its merit-based aid help the needy students与原文cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid意思不异，所以答案为D。
3. 【原题译文】有排名意识的大学供给奖学金的首要目标是__。
C【快速解题】本题的题干关头词是rankings-conscious和purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。
【篇章阐发】原文第七段指出：“But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles.”原文中的recruit暗示“招收”，和答案C中的attract意思类似，所以答案为C。
4. 【原题译文】汉密尔顿的进学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡?英泽相信__。
D【快速解题】本题的题干关头词是Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。
【篇章阐发】原文第十段指出：“to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”原文与D项it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition意思不异，所以答案为D。 来历: 恒星进修网
5. 【原题译文】比来几年来，奖学金的增加比助学金快很多，是因为__。
B【快速解题】本题的题干关头词是merit-based aid和increased，由此便可定位到原文第十二段第二句。
【篇章阐发】原文第十二段第二句指出：“typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.” in a bid to 可以理解为“为了……，力求……”。enroll top students in the state’s public institutions合适原题意思，所以答案为B
6. 【原题译文】依大卫?莱尔德来看，很多私立学院对奖学金的态度是甚么?
A【快速解题】本题的题干关头词是David Laird，attitude，private colleges和merit aid，由此便可定位到原文第十四段。
【篇章阐发】原文第十四段指出：“David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid”。原文和答案A项They would like to see it reduced意思一致，所以答案为A。
7. 【原题译文】为甚么阿勒格尼学院不筹算完全打消奖学金?
C【快速解题】本题的题干是Allegheny College和drop merit aid。由此便可定位到原文第十六段。
【篇章阐发】原文第十六段指出：“A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have to depend on it.”。原文中depend on和答案C选项中的rely on意思不异，所以答案为C。
8. qualified
【原题译文】每年是不是可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是不是继续________。
【快速解题】本题的题干关头词是annual renewal，academic，merit scholarships和recipient，由此便可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分。
【篇章阐发】原文A few words about merit-based aid部分第四句指出：“These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify”。 这些奖学金凡是帮忙学生交纳学费，只要他们继续合适前提，每年都可以继续享受。原文中的each year在本题中被换成了annual，原文中的renewed在本题中被换成了名词renewal，原文中的continue被转换成了remain，所以本题应当填形容词qualifi
