以话题驱动高三的
威海市第一中学 于艳红
【专家点评】(李跃)
威海一中 于老师率领全组实施的“话题”的做法,打破了以往以教材原来的顺序为序的思路,这是高三教学思想的根本改变。依据课程标准梳理每个话题所涵盖的内容,据此,整合教材,把所有这个话题的课文归为一个单元,除了话题下的课文外,所补充的阅读材料也是同一话题下的,最后的写作环节是在话题单元结束时的一个自然输出,而且这个输出往往还是一个真实的写作任务,充分体现了任务型教学理念。
【指导教师点评】(于振华)
这是一份值得我们所有老师认真研读的作业。于老师介绍了她们以话题驱动高三的经验。这种方法恰如其分的表现了基于学生语言运用能力培养的理念。于老师在吃透课标的前提下,围绕话题,把学生需要掌握的无论是词汇图示构建、阅读策略抑或是写作能力的拓展等等,通过各种教学活动隐性表达,确实达到了润物细无声的境界。强推!
2011年的高考,我们学校的是按照话题来进行的。下面我把我们的做法给大家汇报一下,和大家一起讨论,希望大家对我们的做法提出意见和建议。
一.研读课标:
新课程标准对高中阶段教学的要求是:根据高中学生的认知特点和学习发展需要,在进一步发展学生基本语言运用能力的同时,着重提高学生用获取信息,处理信息,分析和解决问题的能力;逐步培养学生用进行思维和表达的能力,为学生进一步学习和发展创造必要的条件。课标明确地提出了注重思维和表达能力的培养,并且把学生的可持续发展放在首要的位置上。在随后的话题项目表中,列举了24个话题项目。翻阅我们的课本,我们不难发现,所有的模块内容都是围绕着这24个话题展开,这就为我们以话题为中心开展我们的高三一轮提供了材料上的可能。高考中的每一篇书面表达都是围绕某个话题,并且要求其主题贴近学生生活,这也使我们以话题带动高三的一轮有了方向。
二.研究历届高考题:
认真研究近年高考题,我们发现高考试题的命制有如下特点:一、试卷难度适中,重视“新材料、新情境”的创设与运用;二、重点考查综合语言运用能力,同时兼顾对语法知识全面掌握的考查,没有偏,难,怪,或者有歧义的存在。三、试题内容贴近现实生活,时代感强。四、合理控制了超纲词汇的数量,符合教学实际。五、写作任务有明确界定,同时又具有一定的开放性,符合考生的水平,各层次的考生均能够发挥自己的水平,展示其写作能力。所以话题对于提高学生能力,应对高考应该说有更多的优势。
三.制定计划:
基于以上对课标和高考题的研究,我们决定采用话题的方法来组织2011年的高考备考。按照课标所列举的24个话题把外研社必修一到选修八的内容重组。 话题 资料准备 学校生活 Book1 M1 Book1 M2 Book1 M5 旅游与交通 Book1M3 Book4 M2 Book4 M5 周围的环境 Book1 M4 健康 Book2 M1 科普知识与现代技术 Book1 M6 Book2 M5 Book6 M5 热点话题 Book2 M2 Book6 M6 Book7 M6 文娱与体育 Book2 M3 Book2 M6 Book5 M5 Book6 M4 Book7 M1 Book2 M4 文学与艺术 Book2 M4 世界与环境 Book5 M3 Book6 M2 Book7 M3 Book8 M6 Book3 M1 自然 Book3 M2 Book3 M3 家庭朋友与周围的人 Book3 M4 Book3 M6 Book4 M6 Book5 M6 Book8 M5 Book6 M3 历史与地理 Book3 M5 语言学习 Book8 M1 Book4 M3 社会 Book5 M1 Book6 M1 Book8 M4 Book4 M4 节假日活动
Book5 M2 Book7 M5 Book8 M2 Book5 M4 饮食 Book7 M2 Book8 M3 计划与愿望 Book4 M1 四.话题计划实施
1)学案导学:
学案是保证我们的话题实施最重要的工具。我们的学案有以下几个部分组成。
A)课标导航
把课标对于这个话题的要求列举出来,这样老师和学生对于这个话题的要求心里有数。以第一个话题school life 为例:
学校生活(School life)
(1)School building (classroom, office, library, washroom, etc. )
(2)School organization (grade, class, subject, break, schedule, etc. )
(3)People (teacher, classmate, schoolmate, cleaner, etc. )
(4)Subjects (Chinese, maths, English, geography, history, etc. )
(5)Activities (sports, extra-curricular involvement, trip, etc. )
(6)Instructions (Please listen, read, get into groups, act, etc. )
(7)Educational methods (preview, review, discuss, presentation, summary)
B) 相关表达
在相关句型呈现话题时,我们选用的是课文里精彩的原句,也可以补充一些别的材料里或者是老师的知识储备里相关的表达方式,但是最好贴近学生的实际水平,这样可以保证学生的语言输入。以第二个话题旅游与交通为例。
旅游和交通(Travel and transport)
Methods of transportation (walking, cycling, horse riding, taking buses, trains, boats, planes)
1) I had my first ride on a long-distance train.
2) Camels were much better than horses for traveling a long distance.
3) Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing.
4) Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time.
2. Travel (schedules, maps, tickets, fares)
1)Taxies display the price per kilometer on the window.
2)You should check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt.
3)Fares are cheap, starting at 1 yuan.
4)You should talk to the driver, and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey.
3. Getting and asking directions (left, right, straight ahead, north, south, east, west, etc. )
Turn left and you will see a museum in front of you.
4. Safety rules and warnings (traffic lights, caution, walk, stop, etc. )
1) Safety comes from a knowledge of the traffic laws and careful attention to the behavior of others.
2) Always take the traffic laws seriously and teach them to others.
3) we remembered to stay on the right side of the road and to stop for stop signs.
4) By obeying traffic laws, we not only avoided collisions with automobiles but we also avoided crashing into each other.
4) Keep alert all the time.
5. Inquiring and making reservations (hotels, tourist spots, etc, )
I’d like to make a reservation for a double-room in your hotel and will check in on September 10th.
6. Describing a journey
1) You’ll have a good view of the rapidly changing city.
2) The sun was shining brightly as we sailed downstream through a hilly region.
3) As the sun set we docked at Fengdu. we could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda.
4) At Wushan we made a detour up the Daning River to see some of the smaller gorges.
C ) 拓展阅读
拓展阅读所选择的材料必须贴近学生的实际水平(从词汇量和理解水平两个角度),最好从新课标其他几套教材里面相关的话题里选择的文章,然后根据文章的特点,设计问题(问题不一定是选择题)。篇幅不要过长400字左右,易于学生模仿写作相似话题的作文。下面留出一定的空间,让学生自行整理和本话题相关的词汇和表达方式。以第一个话题为例:
A
What personal qualities should a teacher have? I think the following would be generally accepted.
First, a teacher should be pleasantly live and attractive. This does not rule out people who are not good-looking or even ugly, because teachers who are not good-looking might also have their personal charm. Anyway, they shouldn’t be boring.
Secondly, it is essential for the teacher to have real capacity for sympathy, closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant-not indeed, of what is wrong, but of weakness of human nature which induces people, and especially children, to make mistakes.
Thirdly, I find it is also essential for a teacher to be a bit of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which means that every now and then a teacher should put on an act to make his lesson interesting and vivid.
Fourthly, a teacher must be capable of great patience. This, I may say, is largely a matter of self-training. None of us are born like that. Teaching requires great effort and a teacher should be able to deal with problem children.
Finally, a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job which a teacher will never be perfect in. There is always something more to learn. There are three main subjects of study: the subject which the teacher is teaching; the methods the teacher is using; the students whom the teacher is teaching. The two main rules of education today are that education is education of the whole person, and that it needs full and active cooperation between two persons, the teacher and the student. 1. What is the best title of the passage? (please within 10 words) __________________________________________________ _________________ 2. Can you guess the meaning of the phrase” rule out” in the second paragraph? __________________________________________________ ______________ 3. Translate the second paragraph into Chinese. __________________________________________________ ___________________ 4.Do you have a teacher that you like best? Why do you like him or her? (about 60 words) __________________________________________________ _____________ D) 话题读写:
这一部分呈现的是基于本话题出现的一些阅读材料。主要以阅读理解的形式呈现。但是在做题的时候老师不仅仅要关注选择题的对错,更重要的是从里面挑出适合学生水平的并且能用在本话题的输出的相关表达方式,为整个话题的输出打下铺垫。
E) 话题输出:
以第一个话题为例,最后的话题输出就可以以这样的形式和题目:
高一的新生已经入校,请你给他们介绍一下学校的相关情况。内容包括以下几个方面:
1)学校(位置,设施等)
2)老师(教学风格)
3)课外活动
4)你对高一新生的建议
学生的作文:
Hello, everyone. Welcome to No.1 High School in Weihai. I’m greatly honored to introduce our school to you.
our school, located in Culture Road, just opposite to Weihai Library, is a first-class Senior High school. Our school has a history of 110years, which makes it old and traditional. While it is old, it is equipped with advanced facilities. The number of the
students and teachers adds up to something like 5,000. In respect of the teachers, their teaching style is nothing like thatof the teachers at Junior High. Strict as teachers are, they are very kind and patient. Whatever difficulties you meet, you can urn to them for help. In addition, in order to make the school lifecolorful and relieve the students’ stress of study, our schoolhas developed varieties of activities, such as running, singing,
basketball and so on. I’m sure you will enjoy yourselves in your spare time.
Being a high school student, what matters most is that you should take a positive attitude to study and learn everything carefully by heart. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. To conclude, I wish all of you can make great progress and achieve your aims at No.1 High school. Thank you!
2)依托课本:
依托课本,对课本上的一些重要的语言知识和技巧进行重新梳理,在夯实学生基础知识的同时提高学生的做题技巧。
A)每课课标要求了然于心:
以第一个话题第一个模块为例; 课标要求 单词 短语 句型 语法 能够运用所学词汇和句型来描述自己的或者是理想中的学校 impress look forward to 1. So/ Neither/ Nor+助动词、情态动词/be+主语
2. 倍数的表达方式
3. 否定的转移 时态—一般现在时 cover attitude make progress 以-ed结尾和-ing结尾的形容词 nothing like 名词后缀—ment/tion B ) 重点语言知识每课梳理:
把能用在写作中的单词或者是表达方式整理并以具体语境的形式让学生掌握。这一点和我们以前历届的做法一样,不过,我们更强调所给出的例句一定要和课标的某个话题相关。
3)话题展示:
每个话题完后有个话题展示,通过老师的引导,以任务型教学的为依托,把整个话题的内容以输出的形式展现,以节假日话题为例,我们最后的话题输出就落脚到下面的内容:
Suppose you are Lihua, your foreign pen-pal Jim is interested in the Chinese Spring Festival .
Please write him an email introducing it to him.
老师在这堂课上已经以元宵节的介绍为例输入了很多的节假日的起源,风俗,人们的庆祝方式等表达方式,所以学生在写到后面的作文就很简单了。
下面使我们的学生所写出的一篇文章。
Dear Jim,
I’m glad to receive your email asking about the Spring Festival. Below is some relevant information about it. Hope it will be useful to you.
The Spring Festival dating from the Shang Dynasty, falls on the first day of the lunar calendar. It marks the end of the previous year and the beginning of the new year. The New Year festivity lasts for up to one month in China.
Although the customs of observing the Spring Festival vary from place to place, but we still have something in common. Decorating our houses
with paper cuts or couplets will make our house blessed with happy atmosphere. Enjoying the family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve and watching the annual Spring Festival Gala have become a convention for Chinese people. Besides, it is a custom for children to go from door to door, extending their New Year greetings dressed in the new clothes. They will get some luck money from their elders, wishing them good luck and success. The children will also have great fun setting off firecrackers. Everyone sees it as a great chance for the family members to get together and enjoy ourselves.
You’d better come to China to experience the atmosphere yourself. I’ll keep you company. Looking forward to meeting you in China.
总之,个人认为,我们的话题不仅在激活词汇量,并且在开展读写教学方面起了很大的推动总用。我们在历次的全市统考和今年的高考中也取得了优异的成绩。