CET4语法复习之一
动宾一致
英语语律例定，用于宾语的词语应利用它们的宾格。可以或许用做宾语的词类中只有人称代词有出格的宾格情势，其他词类如名词本相便可用于宾格，不必改变。词与词之间的固定搭配属于英语的惯用法。一些动词与它们用于宾语的名词之间也存在固定搭配现象。
【例如】
to acquire knowledge
获得常识
to get a job
获得工作
to obtain a position
获得工作 ( 语气较持重 )
to achieve success
获得成功
to gain reputation
获得名誉
to attain one's end
达到目标
to do sb. a favor
请辅佐
这类惯用法没有太多的章法可循 , 只有在平常平凡的浏览中多看，多记。
时态一致
时态一致
1) 并列谓语的时态一致。
【例如】 Yesterday I went shopping, bought some books and had dinner at a good restaurant.
The soldier looked at him, exchanged glances with his comrade and took out the gun.
2) 主从复合句的时态一致。
a) 主句为此刻时、将来时、此刻完成时，宾语从句谓语动词时态按环境而定。
【例如】
I wonder what will happen tomorrow.
I wonder what happened to him yesterday.
I wonder what is happening now outside.
b) 主句为畴昔时态，宾语从句一般用畴昔时态。若是宾语从句申明的是客不雅真谛，用一般此刻时。
【例如】
He told me he made a big mistake.
He told me he would go to Beijing the next day.
He told he had finished his task.
The teacher told students that the earth moves around the sun.( 客不雅真谛 )
3) 定语从句和比较状语从句时态不受主句影响。
【例如】
The universityswhereshe is studying was founded in 1950.
You now speak English better than you spoke it last year.
4) 时候和前提状语从句中，常常利用此刻时暗示将来。
【例如】
We will cancel our trip if it rains tomorrow.
I will go to visit the Summer Palace as soon as I arrive in Beijing .
调集名词的主谓一致
调集名词作主语时，主谓一致关系是一个较为复杂的题目。对此类题目我们可以从“数”的角度分为四类。
1) 单数—复数型。凡是有复数词尾改变情势的调集名词都属于此类。如： a class — classes; a family — families; a government—governments; an army—armies; a people—peoples; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew — crews 等。这类调集名词夸大的是整体性，即当作一个整体或多个整体来对待。属于这类调集名词的单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数情势作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
【例如】
A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.
The government has decided to pass the bill.
There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.
There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.
但应重视，这类调集名词的单数情势有时暗示复数概念，所以这些调集名词的单数情势也可回为“单复同形型”中。
2) 单数型。这类调集名词暗示的是人或事物的整体，即把这类人或事物的全数包含在内，所以只有单数情势。如作主语，谓语动词常常利用单数。这类名词常见的有： humanity, mankind, proletariat 等。
【例如】 The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment, mankind makes constant progress.
3) 复数型。这类调集名词在情势和内容上是彼此矛盾的，就是说它们只有单数情势，但表达的都是复数概念。它夸大的是集体中的个别性。这类名词有： police, cattle, faculty, flock, machinery, vermin, personnel 等。它们作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
【例如】 The police have caught the murder.
Our personnel are very highly trained.
The vermin are very dangerous.
4) 单复同形型。这类调集名词的单数情势既可暗示单数也可暗示复数。作主语时，用单数动词或复数动词都可，有时意义辨别不大。
【例如】 The school teaching staff are (is) excellent.
The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park.
The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid.
这类调集名词常见的有： class, family, team, crew, board, herd, committee, party, jury, enemy, audience 等。
按照措辞人的心理意向若把这个调集名词所代表的人或事物看作一个整体，就以为是单数，用单数动词；若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干个个别的话，就以为其为复数，用复数动词。
试比较： The football team is playing well.
阿谁足球队打得很是标致。
The football team areshavingsbath and are then coming back here for tea.
足球队员们正在洗澡，然后来这里吃茶点。
The family is a very happy one.
阿谁家庭是一个很是幸福的家庭。
That family are very pleased about the news of William's success.
全家人对威廉的成功都感应很欢畅。
“一致”部分操练题 ( 附答案 )
1)Bread and butter ____ what Americans usually have for breakfast.) both, some, few, many 等用作主语或润色主语时，谓语动词用复数。
【例如】
Both of my parents are over seventy years old.
Many students in my class have creative thoughts and wide knowledge.
2) “ the + 形容词”作主语，在暗示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复数。
【例如】
The aged are well taken care of by the government.
The poor are often looked down upon by the rich.
The young have respect for the old in China .
3) a number of, a lot of, any of, most of, the rest of, some of, none of, all of 润色复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。
【例如】
Most of the teachers are responsible and knowledgeable.
A number of books have been published on the subject.
None of the books attract me a lot. the number of 暗示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。
【例如】
The number of books published on this subject is simply amazing.
The number of foreign visitors to China has been increasing over the last several years.
4) 调集名词作主语时，当名词暗示整体时，谓语动词用单数；当名词强集结体中的个别时，谓语动词用复数。
【例如】
The family is the basic unit of society. The family have agreed among themselves to spend their vocation in Europe .
CET4 语法： used to 的用法
“ used to 加不定式”暗示畴昔常常干某事，此刻不在干了。例如 :
I used to go to work by bus. Now I take a taxi.
She used to be very shy.
“ be used to doing ”暗示习惯于干某事。
【例如】
I am used to getting up early and going to bed early.
He is used to being praised by others.
关系从句中的谓语动词
在“ one of + 名词 ( 复数 )+ 关系从句”中的单复数在“ one of+ 名词 ( 复数 )+ 关系从句”中，关系从句中的谓语动词常采取复数情势。
【例如】 She is one of the students who have passed Band Six.
This is one of the best books that have been published recently.
one 之前有 the only 等润色语时从句动词要用单数。
【例如】 She is the only one of the girls who is chosen as the member of student union.
He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.
以 only 指导状语位于句首引发的倒装
Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard. Only in this way can we achieve what we want.Only in each afternoon does the university library open. Only under special circumstances ____to take make up tests. (CET-4 1997,6)
A) are freshmen permitted
B) permitted are freshmen
C) freshmen are permitted
D) are permitted freshmen
Only 加状语位于句首，句子用倒装语序，故答案为 A 转自:<a href='
A) are B) is C) was D) were
2)Each boy and girl ____given a gift on Christmas Day.
A) is B) are C) were D) was
3) Nobody but Jack and Jane ____ made great progress in the class recently.
A) have B) has C) had D) has been
4) Jim is the only one of the staff members who ____to be promoted.
A) are B) have been C) is D) has been
5) Many a child ____to walk before he can speak
A) learn B) learns C) learned D) have learned
6) Not only he but also I ____to work hard and pass the exam.
A) want B) wants C) wanted D) wanting
6) Every means ____tried but with no end.
A) have been B) have had C) has been D) are
7) My house and home ____ at 108 Maryland .
A) are B) is C) were D) is being
8) A horse and carriage ____ not much used nowadays
.A) is B) are C) were D) is to be
10) Many a writer of newspaper articles ____ to writing novels.
A) has turned B) have turned C) being turned D) are going to turn
11) Either the teachers or the president ____ the meeting
.A) attends B) attend C) are attending D) have attended
12) Neither of your suggestions ____ sense.
A) makes B) make C) is made D) are made
13) None of your projects ____.
A) working out B) work out C) is worked out D) are worked out
14) Going to bed early and getting up early ____ a good habit.
A) is B) are C) were D) was
15) Statistics ____ his most difficult subject and they are all worried that he won't pass the test.
A) is B) are C) was D) were
16) Statistics ____ that most of the published and quoted scientific articles are related to medical science.
A) has shown B) is shown C) show D) shows
17) Everyone who read Women in Love said it ____ one of the best books by Lawrence
.A) is B) was C) had been D) has been
18) The teacher told us that to remember details, it ____ important to take notes while listening to the lecture.
A) would be B) had been C) was D) is
19) A series of debates between the major candidates ____ scheduled for the Labor Day weekend last week.
A) is B) are C) was D) were
20) Two hundred and fifty pounds ____ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.
A) is B) are C) were D) be
21) Twenty minutes ____ a long time for one who waits.
A) seem B) seems C) seemed D) are seemed
22) David is one of the boys who ____ a driving license.
A) has B) have C) isshavingsD) are having
23) The audience ____ their seats in the music hall.
A) are taking B) is taking C) are taken D) was taking
24) The salesman told me that a good set of tires ____ guaranteed to run at least fifty thousand miles.
A) was B) were C) had been D) will be
25) Up to now, the majority of the undergraduates ____ enrolled for this selected course.
A) has been B) have C) had been D) would have been
26) The police ____ asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with ____.
A) have…them B) has…him C) have…him D) has…them
27) I don't think one hundred dollars ____ a big sum of money to him.
A) will be B) would be C) is D) are
28) None of the shops in the downtown ____ before 8 pm .
A) is going to be closed B) will be closing C) is closing D) are being closed
29) Five multiplied by two ____ten.
A) is equal B) equals C) equal with D) equal to
30) My friend and classmate Paul ____ motorcycles in his spare time.
A) race B) races C) is raced D) is racing
“一致”部分操练题答案
1)B 2)A 3)B 4)C 5)B
6)A 7)C 8)B 9)A 10)A
11)A 12)A 13)B 14)A 15)A
16)C 17)B 18)D 19)C 20)A
21)B 22)B 23)A 24)A 25)A
26)A 27)C 28)A 29)B 30)B
CET4 语法：主谓一致的三条原则
在大学英语四级测试的“词汇与布局”一题中，查核主语和谓语一致关系的试题占多数。所以主谓一致是各类一致关系中应当重点把握的内容。现代英语主谓一致大致要遵守以下三条原则： 1) 语法一致原则。主语是单数，谓语动词用单数情势；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数情势。
【例如】
My friend has no intention of going shopping with me.
My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.
2) 意义一致原则。主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法情势来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义决定。
【例如】
The class are busying writing English passages.
The United States is a developed country which has advanced science and technology.
带有复数词尾的学科名称、国度等在乎义是暗示单数概念，用单数动词。
3) 就近原则。谓语动词的单、复数取决于最接近它的主语。由 either….or, neither….nor, not only….but also 连接或由 here, there 等指导的句子，谓语动词遵守这一原则。
【例如】 Neither my friends nor I was able to persuade him to accept our advice.
Either he or she has broken the window, for there is no one else there.
There is a teacher and fifty students in the classroom.
课程名称 教员 课时 试听 报名 学费
大学英语四级精讲班 严邵阳 56 试听 报名 ￥200
四级425速成–听力 欧 文 8 试听 报名 ￥80
四级425速成–浏览 欧 文 14 试听 报名 ￥90
四级425速成–综合 欧 文 13 试听 报名 ￥80
四级425速成–写作 欧 文 16 试听 报名 ￥90
四级经典积年真题 欧 文 10 试听 报名 ￥80
大学英语六级听力 齐方炜 7 试听 报名 ￥100
大学英语六级浏览 齐方炜 7 试听 报名 ￥100
大学英语六级写作 欧 文 14 试听 报名 ￥100
大学英语六级新题型 欧 文 15 试听 报名 ￥100
大学英语六级词汇 欧 文 15 试听 报名 ￥100
大学英语六级摹拟题 欧 文 5(赠) 无 报名 ￥50
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