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英语四六级考试完形填空6大快速解题技巧

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  技巧一:利用排除法排除明显干扰选项

  如果不能很有把握地直接选出某一道题的答案,可以先利用排除法将各选项代入空白处,排除明显不符题意的选项,从而缩小选择的范围。具体来讲,可以利用如下线索:

  1.判断所填词在句中充当什么成份,应是什么词性,从而排除干扰选项。

  2.利用上下文的时态、语态和语气排除不符合要求的干扰选项。

  3.利用名词的数来判断各选项是否符合句子要求。

  4.寻找与空白处构成搭配的词语,从而排除不能与其搭配的选项。

  5.将各选项代入空白处将句子译成汉语,排除明显不能使句子通顺的选项。

  【例1】(07-6-75)

  【原文】

  So what has happened in the year that 75 the disaster on the Gulf Coast?

  【选项】

  [A] ensued [B] traced

  [C] followed [D] occured

  【解析】语义衔接题。分析句子结构可知,此处需要一个及物动词,在that引导的定语从句中充当谓语动词。[A] ensued(接着发生)和[D] occurred(发生)均为不及物动词,故首先排除。[C] followed(跟着,接着),为及物动词,符合句意。

  技巧二:寻找固定搭配或习惯用法

  运用词汇间的搭配关系经常可以无需理解上下文而直接确定答案,即使确定不了答案,也往往可以排除一些明显不符合搭配关系的选项,缩小选择范围,提高答案的准确率。

  【例2】(05-6-80)

  【原文】

  “Most manufacturers believed that having the blind was like telling disabled people to teach other disabled people. In that 80 , the manufacturers have been the blind ones.”

  【选项】

  [A] occasion [B] moment

  [C] sense [D] event

  【解析】语义衔接题。由空前的介词in可以排除[A]、[B]两项,因为occasion(场合)和moment(时刻)一般都不与介词in连用。此处是说,制造商请盲人参与检测,就像是在告诉残疾人去教其他残疾人,从那种意义上说,制造商就是盲人。in that sense为习惯搭配,意为“从那种意义上说”。in that event意为“如果那种情况发生”,尽管搭配正确,但不符合此处语义要求。

  技巧三:理清所在句子结构

  理清句子的语法结构对解答完型填空题来说尤其重要,这不仅仅限于直接考查语法结构的题目,在解答那些不是针对语法结构而设置的题目时,考生也必须仔细分析每个句子的语法结构,从而理解句子的含义和上下文之间的逻辑关系,最终在空白处填入正确的词。

  【例3】(07-6-71)

  【原文】

  We know more than we 71 did about the dangers we face.

  【选项】

  [A] never [B] ever

  [C] then [D] before

  【解析】分析句子结构可知,本句中包含一个than引导的比较状语从句,比较对象是我们现在对所面临危险的了解和我们过去对所面临危险的了解,从句中的谓语动词did代替的是实义动词knew,所填词应为副词,修饰动词did,表示“过去”的概念,故答案为[B] ever(曾经)。

  [NextPage]

  技巧四:寻找复现或共现关系

  完型填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇,围绕一个话题论述,因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则,某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词,考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以,解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索,如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。

  【例4】(05-6-66)

  【原文】

  His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that scans any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like 66 through a speaker.

  【选项】

  [A] behavior [B] expression

  [C] movement [D] voice

  【解析】语义衔接题。空前的sounds(声音)和orally(口头地)和空后的speaker(扬声器)与所填词构成语义场共现,由此可推知答案为[D] voice(说话声)。

  技巧五:熟悉常用逻辑关系词语

  只有明确文章结构,了解各段与段之间、句与句之间的逻辑关系,才能加深对文章的理解,从而在空白处填入正确的词语,这就要求考生熟悉和掌握一些常用的逻辑关系词语。

  常用的逻辑关系词语包括:

  并列词:and, as well as, both…and, not only…but(also), neither…nor

  转折词:but, however, whereas, while, yet, still, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the other hand, not…but, rather than

  选择词:or, nor, or else, otherwise, either…or

  递进词:besides, also, even, moreover, likewise, furthermore, what’s more, in addition

  解释词:that is (to say), in other words

  时间词:when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, once, the moment(/day/instant/minute/second), every time, no sooner…than, hardly…when, then, meanwhile, subsequently, afterward, later

  比较词:(not) as…as, not so…as, (not) such…as, (not) the same as, than, in contrast, on the contrary

  条件词:if, unless, providing(/provided) that, as(/so) long as, on condition that, suppose(/suppopposing) that, in case, only if, if only

  因果词:because, since, as , now that, seeing that, considering that, in that, for, thus, so, therefore, hence, consequently, accordingly, as a result, so that, in case, for fear that, lest, in order that, so that, so…that, such…that

  让步词:though, although, even if(/even though), as, while, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter…, whether…or

  技巧六:利用文章和段落的主题句

  为了使考生更易于理解文章内容,出题者在设计完型填空试题时,总是保留一个完整的、或是大半个完整的表达主旨的句子,而这样的句子往往位于文章的开头。因此,考生应充分利用文章开头去了解文章的主旨。另外,段落的首句也往往是该段的主题句,所以,考生也要学会利用段首句提供的信息,把握文章的结构和行文思路。

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