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英语四六级名师指点：高效备考攻略

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　　听力——

　　▲【应对招数之一】

　　了解题型：听力对话部分，通常涉及到的是日常生活中遇到的事情，比如计算时间、价格，判断人物的身份及之间的关系等。这些都与日常生活有关。

　　听对话的时候要注重技巧，要听对话中的“信号词”(keywords)。举例说，如果听到stamp这个词，出题问地点时答案可能就是“邮局”，问关系则可能是“邮局工作人员和客户的关系”。如果听到medcine，对话则很可能发生在药店或医院。

　　▲【应对招数之二】

　　疯狂练习：听力在短时间飞速提高不太可能，但是熟能生巧。拿周杰伦的歌为例，刚开始听可能不知道他在唱些什么，但是听个十遍八遍就听懂了。所以说，听得越多，提高得就越快。

　　注意：听得越多越熟悉，不是要听多少盒磁带，而是要一盒磁带听多少遍。通常情况考生准备两盘磁带就够了，磁带最好是历年的真题。然后疯狂去听，疯狂去练。

　　王教授说，考生平时听的磁带一盒60分钟，按听力题的标准语速四级每分钟120个词、六级140个词每分钟去计算，一盒磁带有六七千个词汇，除去重复的，至少有八百到一千个词汇。反复听，在这个磁带上能听懂的词汇，换到别的磁带上也能听懂。

　　▲【应对招数之三】

　　随时动笔：“可以利用点滴时间去听”，“也可以用整块时间去听，每次最多半个小时(时间太长容易乏味)”，王教授提醒考生，不但要做到每个单词都能听懂，知道是什么意思，还需要知道怎么去写。因为新旧题型中都有“听写”，而听写每年的分值都很低，所以考生在练习听的同时必须要练习写。听了一句话后，立即按下暂停键，把听到的句子写下来，检查自己是否能写正确。

　　“动笔”不单单应对“听写”，对理解、选择也很有帮助。很多时候，考生当时听懂了但一转眼就忘了，所以平时训练时就要记笔记，一边听一边把“keywords”记下来。全文听完后把keywords串起来，一篇文章大概的意思就明白了。

　　阅读——

　　阅读理解部分考查考生多方面的能力，包括词汇、语法、阅读等，更看重考查考生的综合能力。新题型中，阅读理解部分的分值减少，题型变化，更符合教学大纲的要求。“语篇分析”是一种比较难的能力测试，对一个词的理解要放在整篇文章中去。

　　▲【应对招数之一】

　　储备词汇：想要做好阅读理解，词汇量必须达到基本要求，语法知识也必须掌握。CET考试逐渐淡化“纯粹”的词汇、语法考查，但不意味着考生可以放弃词汇、语法。王教授指出，单词背不住有两个原因：功夫没到家；没有掌握技巧。有些技巧可以助考生事半功倍，比如联想法、串联法等。

　　▲【应对招数之二】

　　博闻广记：考生要注意一种现象，在阅读理解中有些词很“面熟”，也知道是什么意思，但整个句子理解起来却有些别扭。这是因为常用词在特定语境中，也可能出现它的某一个次常用含义。如果考生不知道，就会造成阅读障碍，这就要求背单词时不能光看第一个意思，而忽略后面的意思。

　　单词掌握好，语法知识也不能忽略，不排除在阅读理解中遇到一些比较复杂结构的句子。如果一个句子中有多个从句，如果不能理解从句之间的关系，就理解不了句子，而影响到整篇文章的理解。

　　▲【应对招数之三】

　　关注语境：四六级考试中有这样一种现象：文章读起来不难，做起题来感觉难，尤其是类似于“本文推断、暗示出什么？”这样的题目。原因是考生感觉理解文章了，但理解仍停留在表面，所以就需要有技巧地阅读，也就是说要：read between the lines(透过字里行间去读)，要从提供的语境中揣摩某个句子某个词是什么意思。

　　比如小强做什么事情时小红总指手画脚、不停教导，有一次又是这样，小强对小红说，“Are you telling me？”这时候，句子就不再是表面意思“你正在告诉我吗？”而是“这还用你说吗？”“用不着你说！”的意思，表达情绪的不满。

　　▲【应对招数之四】

　　改变坏习惯：有些考生的阅读习惯很糟糕，比如lip reading和Poiting reading。阅读时即使不出声但嘴巴在动，属于lip reading，还有的考生必须用笔或手指帮助阅读，也就是poiting reading。这比用眼睛看要花费更多时间，阅读习惯直接影响阅读速度。正确的习惯是eye moving，且不是一个单词一个单词地看，而是一组一组地看，以“sense group”意群为单位阅读文章。在做题看选项时，要认真看、准确把握题干中的信号词，以便在文章中准确找到相关信息。

　　▲【应对招数之五】

　　快速阅读题型将在新题型试卷中首次出现。考生在复习阶段必须有意识地培养快速阅读能力。在平时的训练过程中，应注意通过对逻辑关系、标点符号及一些特征语言信息点等方法的积极运用，实现文章主旨的快速把握，并对随后的题目进行有效地判断和填写。

　　综合测试——

　　▲【应对招数】

　　做真题可以达到巩固知识、练习题型的目的，如果做题时和考场上一样限定时间，效果也不错。对于改错题和“汉译英”，则可以找一些正规出版社出版、时间较近的参考书、题册进行专项练习。

　　写作——

　　王教授曾多次参加四六级阅卷，他发现作文对许多考生来说是块难啃的“硬骨头”，提高起来有难度。不过，只要现在开始勤加练习，写出一篇及格的文章并不很难。四级考试要求，30分钟120个词左右，体裁有议论文、说明文、应用文。议论文、应用文的可能性比较大。无论哪种文体，都应做到“一个切题，三个避免”。

　　▲【应对招数之一】

　　三个避免：“切题”指首先要保证所写文章必须围绕给定的题目，避免拼写错误；避免语法错误；避免中文式英语。

　　▲【应对招数之二】

　　喜“新”厌“旧”：写作文时做到一个切题、三个避免，拿到基本分问题就不大了。要想让分数上一个档次，文章中就需要多几个闪光点。闪光点体现在用词上、用的句子结构上。在用词时要喜“新”厌“旧”，尽量不要用中学时“小儿科”的词汇，多用四六级词汇表中的“新词”。比如写作时用“be

　　indiffrent to”表示“对……冷漠、漠不关心”就比“be cool to”好，后者比较普通，没有新意。

　　写议论文、说明文都需要讲理由，就需要排序，考生多用first，second，third等，就不如用新颖些的in the first place，效果要好。

　　句子结构也要尽量新鲜。比如Every body know that。就不如It is well-known to everyone that。来得精彩，更能博阅卷老师青睐。

　　▲【应对招数之三】

　　讲究语篇结构：写作时，考生还需要注意文章章法的合理性，做到起、承、转、合，有头有尾；确保主体段落有明确的中心思想句，后面的扩展层次清楚；用不同的形式开始句子，注意句子的长短结合。如果能做到连贯性和整体性，整篇文章就不错了。

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