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白易礼：大学英语四级考试语法笔记11

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　　例如：

　　I shall be twenty years old next year. 我明年二十岁。

　　The sky is black. I think it will rain. 天黑下来了。我想可能会下雨。

　　You will meet him at the station this afternoon. 你下午会在车站碰到他。

　　The train will arrive soon. 火车快要到了。

　　When shall we see you next time? 我们下次什么时候能看见你呢?

　　He probably won’t go with us. ?他大概不能和我们一起去。

　　注意：

　　1)shall, will的缩写形式为’ll, 如I’ll, you’ll, he’ll 和she’ll等。

　　2)will 用于第一人称时，可以表示将来的意愿、决心、允诺、命令等;shall用于第二、三人称时，可以表示说话人的将来的意愿。例如：

　　I will give you a new pen for your birthday. 我将送你一支新钢笔作为生日礼物。(允诺)

　　I will take the college entrance examination. 我将参加大学入学考试。(决心)

　　Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗?(征求允诺)

　　You shall have the book as soon as I get it. 我一拿到书就给你。(说话人的允诺)

　　The enemy shall not pass. 决不让敌人通过。(说话人的保证)

　　I will do my best to help you. 我愿意尽力帮助你。(意愿)

　　Nobody shall be late for the meeting. 任何人开会都不能迟到。(说话人的命令)

　　(2)be going + 动词不定式

　　1)这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。例如：

　　My brother is going to learn English next year. 我哥哥准备明年学英语。

　　I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆。

　　She is not going to be there. 她不会到那儿去的。

　　When are you going to finish your work? 你的工作什么时候做完?

　　He is going to stay a week. 他准备呆一星期。

　　We are going to call a meeting to discuss it. 我们准备开个会来讨论一下。

　　2)这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。例如：

　　Look at these black clouds?it is going to rain. 看这些乌云?要下雨了。

　　I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪。

　　I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold. ?恐怕我要得重感冒。

　　注意：

　　1)will 和be going to 都可以表示某种意愿。例如：

　　I won’t (am not going to) tell you my age. 我不(愿意)告诉你我的年龄。

　　be going to 和will在含义和用法上略有不同。Be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算;will多表示意愿，决心。有时不能互换。例如：

　　I have bought some bricks and I am going to build a kitchen with them.我买了些砖，我要用它们盖个厨房。(不能用will替换)

　　Can somebody help me? ?I will. 谁能帮我一些吗?―?我来。(不能用be going to替换)

　　2)be going to 可用于条件从句，表示单纯的将来;will则不能。例如：

　　If you are going to go to the cinema this evening, you’d better take your umbrella with you. 你若今晚去看电影，最好带着雨伞。

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