3.数字计算题
【题特点】
数字计算题常见的提问方式有:
What time…?
How far/long…?
How much/many…?
数字计算题一般涉及时间和价钱的运算。
(1)对活动发生时间的提问。在通常情况下,该类试题一般不会直接告诉我们问题中所问的时间,而是会涉及时间的一些简单的加减运算。要注意一些关键词,如:a quarter(to/past), half (past), daily, weekly, fortnight等。
(2)商品的价格。同样,在短对话中,该类试题也涉及一些简单的加减乘除运算。要注意一些关键词,如:10% off, discount, double, half the price, couple, pair, dozen, a real bargain, on sale,change等。尤其要注意单件商品的价格,买多件商品是否优惠、找零,以及最后的问题是说话人要付的钱、单件商品的价格,还是买若干商品需要付的钱。
【答题技巧】
速记信息。这类题目的对话中一般都不会只出现一个数字,因此一定要对出现的数字及相关要点信息进行速记。
听清问题。做这类题目时,必须清楚地抓住问题是针对什么提问,然后才能根据记录的信息将答案对号入座。
不要直取答案。 这类题目的答案一般都不会是原文中数字信息的再现,往往需要经过简单的运算才能得出答案。
【典型例题】
【例9】A) $ 8.60. B) $ 4.30. C) $ 6.40. D) $ 1.40.
W: Here’s a ten-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight’s show, please.
M: Sure. Two tickets and here’s a dollar forty cents change.
Q: How much does one ticket cost?
【解析】在听对话的过程中需要对听到的几个数字进行速记:ten-dollar bill, two tickets, a dollar forty cents’ change,通过对这几个数字的运算可以得到试题的正确答案B)。
4.请求和建议题
【试题特点】
在请求和建议题中通常第一个说话人提出一种观点或建议,第二个说话表达同意还是反对,在表达同意或反对时,表达方式有时是非常明确的,有时是含蓄的,需要我们作出正确的判断。提问方式通常为:
What will the man/woman most probably do?
What are the speakers probably going/trying to do?
What does the woman suggest doing?
【答题技巧】
从选项特点来看,建议题的选项都是动词短语形式,且动词一般为原形或动名词形式,在浏览选项时注意这一点,可以为我们快速判断题型提供方便。
当我们在听录音时要留意对话中的动词,尤其注意与选项中动词相关的信息,一般说来这些信息包含着最重要的内容。在留意动词的同时,要记录一些与该动词相关的重要信息,尤其是不止一个选项中的动词在对话中出现的时候,只有留意与其相关的信息,才能根据问题对号入座。
同时,在听录音的过程中要注意表示请求或建议的句式或短语。此类试题的对话中经常会包含提出请求或建议的句式或短语,如: Why don’t you…? What about…? Let’s…; You’d better…; If I were you, I would…; Id like to…; You might as well…等,此类句式后面的内容有可能就是建议去做或准备去做的行为活动,很可能与答案直接相关,因此听音时需重点留意。
【典型例题】
【例10】A) To have a good rest. B) To see Monica.
C) To go abroad for the weekend. D) To take an exam.
W: You need a rest. You’ve finished your exams. So why don’t you go away somewhere for a long weekend?
M: That’s a good idea. Perhaps Monica will come with me.
Q: What will the man probably do?
【解析】在女士的谈话中我们听到了表示建议的句子:So why dont you go away somewhere for a long weekend? 在男士的回答中出现了本题的关键句:Thats a good idea,说明第二个说话人同意第一个说话人的观点。
5.判断推理题
【试题特点】
推理题是听力测试中难度较大的一类试题,这类题型在近几年的考试中题量较大。
其特点是:说话者采用比较含蓄的方法表达内容及意图,不能为答题者提供直接的信息。要求考生在听懂原文的基础上,利用语音、语调、语法、常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,辨别说话人的意图、暗示、态度、要求等。
这类试题一般选项较长,大都由完整的句子组成,并且每句话之间的内容并没有关联,这就增加了阅读的难度,对阅读理解的速度提出了更高的要求。
本类试题常常对what(做什么)、why(原因、理由)以及整个对话的含义提问。对话者通过语音、语调和重读等语音手段或否定、反问、比较、强调、虚拟、转折等语法手段表达怀疑、肯定、否定、赞同、不耐烦、感叹等内涵意义。
【答题技巧】
这类题型的选项一般是陈述句式,并涉及各个不同的方面。听录音前要熟悉各选项的内容,以便一边听一边与选项进行比较对照,寻找与录音汉语一致的选项。
在听录音的过程中注意捕捉关键词。根据选项可以预测即将听到的内容,当关键的词语和信息来临时,要快速反应,将其抓住,作为推测答案的依据。
要注意理解话外之音、言外之意。这类题目答案通常不照搬原文,而需要对原文作出推理或归纳等,才可得到正确答案。解题可以从以下几个方面入手。
(1) 注意文字中的隐含信息
在推理题中,一些句子的真实含义不是直截了当地摆在我们面前,而是要我们根据对话中揭示的内容去寻找与其有关的其他事物以及它们之间的联系。这种有联系的事物是可以在选项中找到的,这是此类题的一个主要特点。有的考生听到什么选什么,这一方法在这类题中是行不通的,因为答案在用词上与听力原文常常是不一样的。虽然有的答案在句义与上原文一致,但更多的情况下我们需要对原文作进一步的推理,才能正确作答。要善于联想,揭示事物之间的关联性,顺藤摸瓜。
【例11】A) Peter is ill. B) Peter cannot come.
C) Peter will come for dinner. D) Peter will come with his mother.
M: Do you think we should invite Peter for dinner?
W: His mother is in hospital.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【解析】乍一听,女士似乎答非所问,但稍加琢磨,根据His mother is in hospital可以推断,Peter要在医院陪他母亲,所以不可能来参加晚会。因此答案为B)。
(2) 留意对话中的转折信号词but
在含有but的一组对话中,第一个人的话没有什么特点,对于解题也不重要。第二人的答语中则含有一个中but句型。含有but的那句话往往是有两部分:首先是一个简单的短句,然后是一个较长的句子,but在两个句子的中间,把两个部分连接起来。在这种句型中,but是答题的关键,因为答案往往包含在but后面的句子里。but后面很多情况下都是提供一定的具体信息。鉴于这个特点,考生做题的时候应该紧紧抓住but后面句子的意思。
【例12】A) She’ll have some chocolate cake.
B) She’ll take a look at the menu.
C) She’ll go without dessert.
D) She’ll prepare the dinner.
M: What would you like for dessert? I think I’ll have apple pie and ice cream.
W: The chocolate cake looks great, but I have to watch my weight. You go ahead and get yours.
Q: What would the woman most probably do?
【解析】这道题目关键在于听懂女士第二句话即中but后的I have to watch my weight(我要注意我的体重)。显然,but后面的句子提供了前面所作回答的一个主观原因,即为了保持体重,女士对男士的建议是一种委婉的拒绝。答案为C)。
(3)注意对话中的虚拟语气
这类题的特征是对话中出现虚拟条件句,包括与过去事实、现在事实、将来事实相反的虚拟条件句;此外还有wish从句、if only从句等表示无法实现的愿望,以及it is(about)time that sb. did sth./it is (high) time that sth. happened等句型表达该某人做某事了或某事该发生了。考生最容易失分的就是在虚拟条件句上的理解,解答这类题的前提是熟练掌握虚拟语气的结构,理解虚拟语气所包含的假设含义。听到虚拟语气的标志性词语后,应迅速抓听后面的内容,将其还原成说话者的真实意图,或者说是“反着选题”。
【典型例题】
【例13】A) He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons.
B) He has made great progress in his English.
C) He is a student of the music department.
D) He is not very interested in English songs.
W: Mr.Jones, your student, Bill, shows great enthusiasm for music instruments.
M: I only wish he showed half as much for his English lessons.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation about Bill?
【解析】第二句话中的wish是虚拟语气,表示后面带起的是没有实现的愿望。他希望,Bill能对英语课表现出对乐器一半的热情。由此可见,Bill对英语课没什么热情。答案为A)。
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