听的过程中,一定要集中注意力,不要胡思乱想。同学们在平时训练中,就要注意加强大脑与听觉系统之间的协调与沟通。
(一)调整心理状态
心理状态就是一个人的心情。心情的好坏,会直接地影响我们工作、学习的效果。你也能看到,在体育比赛中,由于心理状态的起伏,参赛选手的发挥会跟着有较大的起伏。同样的道理,心理状态的正常与否对参加听力考试的同学来说也至关重要。心理方面的任何失衡都会使你手忙脚乱,得分率降低,平时掌握的内容也有可能发挥不出来;相反,保持良好的心态,则会使你如虎添翼,发挥出最佳水平。
考试中的心理偏差有两种,一是过于放松,难以集中注意力,总是想起别的东西,无法抓住听力内容的关键词;二是过于紧张,心跳加快,手心出汗,有头晕的感觉。出现前一种情况的同学要加强训练,找一个与考试环境相似的教室,模仿真实的考试场景,逐渐进入状态;出现后一种情况的同学可能是对自己的能力估计不足,心中无数,有一种惧怕心理。这就要从自身做起,平时加强听力训练,做到有的放矢,弥补弱项。从而充满自信,保持心理稳定。在考前,把指令背熟,然后在放指令的录音时,阅读选择项,并进行有关的预测,这时,紧张的心理自然消除了。另外,要做到顺其自然,我们的意思是不要怕漏听一些非关键部分,像介词、连词、冠词等,总之不要去想一个没听到或一个不熟悉的单词,否则,会漏听更多内容。关于心理准备。在开首,我们提出同学们在练习听力以及正式的考试中都必须遵循的一条,就是放松心情,但要使听觉系统紧张起来。只有放松心情,才能正常(甚至超水平)发挥听力。
听的过程中,一定要集中注意力,不要胡思乱想。同学们在平时训练中,就要注意加强大脑与听觉系统之间的协调与沟通。我们在以后的每一个测试开首,都会讲解实用技巧,
希望同学们能熟练掌握并运用于试题之中。
(二)注意辨别近音
同音、近音词句一样,在英语语言中也有许多单词读音很接近。它们在被读出时,很容易对考生造成干扰,使你产生多余的联想。另外,在对所提问题设定的选项中,通常会出现与听力材料中读音接近的单词,作为对原句中音或义的干扰。比如:
原文:W: I’ve got to buy a new car.
M: Really?
Q: What does the woman mean?
选项:A) She purchased a car recently.
B) She knew the car was in the lot.
C) She always forgets to clean her car.
D) She really needs a new car.
可以看出,B)项中的knew是对原文中new的近音干扰,C)项中的forget是对have
got to的近音干扰。
因此,在遇到这类题时,要求考生要仔细,不要一看到干扰项就立即作出选择,从而中了题设陷阱。
此外,还要注意语音、语调的问题。中国考生对英语中以语调、语气表意的句子不熟悉,从而难以领会说话者要表达的真实意图,结果造成失分。因此,应试者应对这一项加以研究,并加强训练。以陈述句为表达形式而句末用升调,表示说话人的怀疑,不同意或不完全同意对方的观点。句子结构是陈述形式,但句末用的是降调或低升调,表示说话人的无所谓或乐观的态度,不表示怀疑。
感叹句用升调结尾,表怀疑。疑问句句末用升调表示怀疑,而用降调不表怀疑。如Is he honest?用降调表示说话者认为他是诚实的。同学们对连续和弱读的现象也应有所了解。
(三)要做必要记录
同学们对于记忆的培养很重要。记有两种形式,一是用脑记,二是用手记。人的脑力是有时间局限的,超出一定的时间,信息就会弱化,甚至消失。因此,训练作笔录能力大有好处。在听较长的信息时,一边脑记并理解,一边还要做笔录,只有这样,才能有效地理解和判断。如果没有记住关键内容,所做的判断当然无凭无据,正确性就会大打折扣。
在四级考试中,听力两部分都要求考生具有迅速而准确地记录有效信息的能力。
在Section A中,有关于时间,数量推算之类的题目。做这类题目时,考生要记下有关数字,并作简单计算。否则,等听完之后,脑中暂歇的信息一经消退,你就可能无法得到正确答案,亦或出现混乱而出错。
例如:
W:I only have ten dollars,is it enough for three tickets?
M:Well, you can buy three $ 2 tickets and three $ 3 tickets, whichever you
like.
W:I’ll like the cheaper seats,please.
Q:How much money will the woman have after she buys the tickets?
作这个题时,最好记下几个数字:10,3,2,3,分别代表有10元钱,买3张票,有2元一张和3元一张的,当你听到买票者要便宜的一种,你立即可得出她还剩四元钱。
在section B中,一篇短文被连续地读出来,这时记录关键信息就显得尤为重要。只有你准确地记下了有关信息,才能顺利地完成后面的题目。
怎样记?记什么?我们说速记,简记;记要点,记关键词。简单到什么程度,只要是自己能看懂,能为做题服务就足够了,记的要点包括中心思想、主要人物、主要情节,有关的地点、时间、数字(要准确)等。
(四)快速浏览选项
考生要切记,对付一切听力考试都行之有效的做法是快速浏览选择项并提炼信息点,再找出选项间的联系点。当录音人在即将开始读Directions时,这就是你阅读选择项的最佳时机。应充分抓住这段时间,速读选项,预测内容,从而做到心中有数。通过阅读,应明确以下信息:
a) 题目所涉及到的主要人物,地点等,如是场景类考题,应迅速联想起与该场景有关的词汇,全神贯注地倾听相关信息。
b) 一般四个选择项的设计都会和录音内容或多或少地有点关系,以使能够造成干扰。这时,你就要比较它们之间的联系点,大胆地进行猜想,事先得到一个印象,再与听力材料结合,就会迅速找出答案。
这一技巧是建立在考生有较强的阅读能力的基础上。当考生具有这一能力时,通过在播放录音前的短暂时间里对问题所设的选择项的涉及内容快速地通览一下,掌握其大意。这样,你就会有针对性,目的性地去注意听力材料中提供的信息。从而迅速地找出有效词句来,作出正确判断。
例如:选项:A)The doctor is busy tomorrow.
B)The doctor won’t see her tomorrow.
C)The doctor is busy all day today.
D)The doctor will see her today.
当你阅读了这四个选项后,你就会联想到这是关于医生的活动安排的内容。这时,你就要集中注意力在医生的日程上。请看原文:
W: When can the doctor see me?
M: He won’t be free until tomorrow.
Q: What does the man mean?
你听到医生直到明天才会有空时,答案就很明显了。A)、B)、D)项都与原文所表达的意思不符。只有C)贴切。从这一点也可以看出,听力技巧的提高跟你阅读能力高低有很大关系,因此,平时还要加强阅读训练,以期能迅速理解选项意思。
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