Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a r?sum?. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
假设你是李明??–一名应届毕业生,在报纸上看到一则招聘广告,你想要到登广告的公司供职,请给该公司写一封求职信,内容应简要介绍自己的情况以及自己的经历等.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark
Y (for YES ) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
America’s Brain Drain Crisis
Losing the Global Edge
William Kunz is a self-described computer geek. A more apt description might be computer genius. When he was just 11, Kunz started writing software programs, and by 14 he had created his own video game. As a high school sophomore in Houston, Texas, he won first prize in a local science fair for a data encryption(编密码)program he wrote. In his senior year, he took up prize in an international science and engineering fair for designing a program to analyze and sort DNA patterns.
Kunz went on to attend Carnegie Mellon, among the nation’s highest-ranked universities in computer science. After college he landed a job with Oracle in Silicon Valley, writing software used by companies around the world.
Kunz looked set to become a star in his field. Then he gave it all up.
Today, three years later, Kunz is in his first year at Harvard Business School. He left software engineering partly because his earning potential paled next to friends who were going into law or business. He also worried about job security, especially as more companies move their programming overseas to lower costs. “Every time you’re asked to train someone in India, you think, ‘Am I training my replacement?’” Kunz says.
Things are turning out very differently for another standout in engineering, Qing-Shan Jia. A student at Tsinghua University in Beijing, Jia shines even among his gifted cohorts(一群人)at a school sometimes called “the MIT of China”. He considered applying to Harvard for his PhD, but decided it wasn’t worth it.来源:www.exam8.com
His university is investing heavily in cutting-edge research facilities, and attracts an impressive roster of international professors. “I can get a world-class education here and study with world-class scholars,” Jia says.
These two snapshots(快照)illustrate part of a deeply disturbing picture. In the disciplines underpinning the high-tech economy-math, science and engineering-America is steadily losing its global edge. The depth and breadth of the problem is clear:
?Several of America’s key agencies for scientific research and development will face a retirement crisis within the next ten years.
?Less than 6% of America’s high school seniors plan to pursue engineering degrees, down 36% from a decade ago.
?In 2000, 56% of China’s undergraduate degrees were in the hard sciences; in the United States, the figure was 17%.
?China will likely produce six times the number of engineers next year than America will graduate, according to Mike Gibbons of the American Society for Engineering Education. Japan, with half America’s population, has minted(铸造)twice as many in recent years.
“Most Americans are unaware of how much science does for this country and what we stand to lose if we can’t keep up,” says Shirley Ann Jackson, president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and chair of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. David Baltimore, president of the California Institute of Technology and a Nobel laureate, puts it bluntly:” We can’t hope to keep intact our standard of living, our national security, our way of life, if Americans aren’t competitive in science.”
The Crisis Americans Created
In January 2001, the Hart-Rudman Commission, tasked with finding solutions to America’s major national security threats, concluded that the failures of America’s math and science education and America’s system of research “Pose a greater threat…than any potential conventional war.”
The roots of this failure lie in primary and secondary education. The nation that produced most of the great technological advances of the last century now scores poorly in international science testing. A 2003 survey of math and science literacy ranked American 15-year-olds against kids from other industrialized nations. In math, American students came in 24th out of 28 countries; in science, Americans were 24th out of 40 countries, tied with Latvia. This test, in conjunction with others, indicates Americans start out with sufficient smarts-their fourth-graders score well-but they begin to slide by eighth grade, and sink almost to the bottom by high school.
Don’t blame school budgets. Americans shell out more than $440 billion each year on public education, and spend more per capita than any nation save Switzerland. The problem is that too many of their high school science and math teachers just aren’t qualified. A survey in 2000 revealed that 38% of math teachers and 28% of science teachers in grades 7~12 lacked a college major or minor in their subject area. In schools with high poverty rates, the figures jumped to 52% of math teachers and 32% of science teachers. “The highest predictor of student performance boils down to teacher knowledge,” says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association. To California Congressman Buck McKeon, a member of the House Committee on Education and the Workforce, it comes down to this: “How can you pass on a passion to your students if you don’t know the subject?”
Perhaps it’s no surprise that, according to a 2004 Indiana University survey, 18% of college prep kids weren’t taking math their senior year of high school. “When I compare our high schools to what I see when I’m traveling abroad, I’m terrified for our workforce of tomorrow,” Microsoft chairman Bill Gates told a summit of state governors earlier this year. “Our high schools, even when they’re working exactly as designed, cannot teach our kids what they need to know today.”
The Bush Administration has also proposed cutting the fiscal 2006 budget for research and development in such key federal agencies as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the latter of which acts as a liaison(联络)with industry and researchers to apply new technology.
“Funding cuts are job cuts,” says Rep. Vernon J. Ehlers, Republican of Michigan and a member of the Science Committee in the House. Reduced funding has put the squeeze on research positions, further smothering incentives(动机)for students to go into hard science.
What Americans Must Do
Americans have done it before: the Manhattan Project, the technology surge that followed Sputnik. They’ve demonstrated that they can commit themselves to daunting goals and achieve them. But they can’t minimize the challenges they’re facing.
Americans need out-or-the-box thinking, of the sort suggested by experts in a report released in October called “Rising above the Gathering Storm”, a study group within the National Academy of Sciences, which included the National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine, came up with innovative proposals. Among them are:
?Four-year scholarships for 25,000 undergraduate students who commit to degrees in math, science or engineering, and who qualify based on a competitive national exam;
?Four-year scholarships for 10,000 college students who commit to being math or science teachers, and who agree to teach in a public school for five years after graduation;
?Extended visas for foreign students who earn a math or science PhD in the United States, giving them a year after graduation to look for employment here. If they find jobs, work permits and permanent residency status would be expedited.
Many experts are also urging that non-credentialed but knowledgeable people with industry experience be allowed to teach. That experiment is already underway at High Tech High in San Diego. Conceived by Gary Jacobs, whose father founded Qualcomm, this charter school stresses a cutting-edge curriculum, whether the classes are on biotechnology or web design. To teach these courses, the school hires industry professionals. High Tech High also arranges internships at robotics labs, Internet start-ups and university research centers.
In just five years, 750 kids have enrolled, three classes have graduated and the vast majority of students have gone on to college. One of the success stories is Jeff Jensen, class of 2005, who was a decidedly apathetic(缺乏兴趣的)student before High Tech High. He is now a freshman at Stanford University on a partial scholarship, planning to study chemistry or medicine.
IBM is one of the companies encouraging its workers to teach. This past September, IBM announced a tuition-assistance plan, pledging to pay for teacher certification as well as a leave of absence for employees who wish to teach in public schools.
The philanthropic(博爱的)arms of corporations are also getting involved. The Siemens Foundation sponsors a yearly math, science and technology competition, considered the Nobel Prize for high school research and a great distiller of American talent. Honeywell spends $2 million each year on science programs geared to middle school students, including a hip-hop touring group that teaches physical science, and a robotics lab program that teaches kids how to design, build and program their own robot. “We’ve found that if we don’t get kids excited about science by middle school, it’s too late,” says Michael Holland, a spokesperson for Honeywell.
As important as all these initiatives are, they barely begin to take Americans where they need to go. Americans’ shortcomings are vast, and time, unfortunately, is working against them.
“The whole world is running a race,” says Intel’s Howard High, “only we don’t know it.” No one knows whether or when the United States will relinquish(放弃)its lead in that race. Or how far back in the pack they could ultimately fall. But the first order of business is to recognize what’s at stake and get in the game.
1. Kunz gave up software engineering mainly because he earned less than those in law or business field did.
2. Only a small percentage of America’s high school seniors plan to major in engineering at college.
3. If Americans aren’t competitive in science, they cannot survive the severe competition between developed countries.
4. College education is to blame for the failure of America’s math and science education.
5. American high school students sink almost to the bottom in a survey of math and science literacy because too many of the high school ________ in America are not qualified.
6. Cutting budget for science research and development further smothers incentives for American students to ________.
7. One innovative proposal proposed by some experts is providing ________ for 25,000 qualified undergraduate students.
8. At High Tech High, ________ are hired to teach courses on biotechnology or web design.
9. Many companies encourage their employees to ________, with IBM one of them.
10. Americans’ shortcomings in science are vast, and unfortunately ________ is making efforts to defeat them.
Hello! I just want to give a enormous thumbs up for any amazing information you have here during this post. I’ll be returning to your weblog web site for considerably far more soon.
I’ve been in similar situations before. It is not as easy an answer as you thought it is, its something that you’ll have to write out for yourself over time.
you’ve an incredible blog here! would you wish to make some invite posts on my weblog?
I like this site so much, saved to fav.
Why does it start interverted its strange really but its awesome
I needed to write you a little bit of word in order to thank you very much the moment again about the superb thoughts you have discussed on this page. It has been tremendously generous with people like you to make easily all that many of us would’ve distributed as an ebook in order to make some bucks for themselves, most importantly now that you could possibly have tried it in the event you decided. The things likewise served to become a fantastic way to recognize that many people have a similar zeal just like my own to understand a good deal more regarding this matter. I am certain there are lots of more enjoyable opportunities in the future for many who read through your blog post.
Generally I don’t learn post on blogs, but I wish to say that this write-up very compelled me to check out and do so! Your writing taste has been surprised me. Thank you, very great post.
thanks for sharing yоur еxсellent роѕt,wish you have а good ԁау.
Wonderful work! This is the type of info that should be shared around the web. Shame on Google for not positioning this post higher!
both found…
your self and have the energy which might make you move to a different level….
You got a really useful blog I have been here reading for about an hour. I am a newbie and your success is very much an inspiration for me
Somebody necessarily assist to make seriously articles I may state. That may be the quite initial time I frequented your internet page and to this point? I surprised with the research you created to make this actual put up wonderful. Great task!
http://www.dailystrength.org/people/1332254/journal
Once I originally commented I clicked the -Notify me when new feedback are added- checkbox and now each time a remark is added I get 4 emails with the identical comment. Is there any means you can take away me from that service? Thanks!
here are…
video games are often relevant and stay relevant to wider age group. At instances individuals play certain video games with their parents….
AIR DOCTOR INC.
AIR CONDITIONING and HEATING REPAIR
8635 W SAHARA AVE PMB 429
Las Vegas, NV 89117(702) 407-5600
Also, weblog regularly and with fascinating material to maintain individuals interested in coming back and checking for updates.
Wow this hit it to the spot we will bookmark on Bebo and also Hub pages thanks ГородÑкую комиÑÑию по землепользованию Ñменил МоÑинвеÑтконтроль | ПрофеÑÑиональные новоÑти | ООО “Белго+” – Двери производÑтва БелоруÑи. Продажа, уÑтановка really like it And also my prayers towards the people at atomic plant we hope you’re OK along with safer too !!! Kudos Financial Advisers
Admiring the time and energy you put into your weblog and in depth info you offer. It’s great to come across a blog every once in a although that isn’t the same old rehashed material. Amazing read! I’ve bookmarked your web site and I’m adding your RSS feeds to my Google account.
Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive read anything like this before. So nice to find somebody with some original thoughts on this subject. realy thank you for starting this up. this website is something that is needed on the web, someone with a little originality. useful job for bringing something new to the internet!
To start out earning money together with your blog, initially use Google Adsense however regularly as your site visitors increases, keep including more and more cash making packages in your site. https://www.lifereader.com.au/psychics/clairvoyants
This is a good weblog i must say, normally i don????t post comments on other people???? blogs but would like to say that this post really forced me to do so!
My spouse and i have been absolutely more than happy when Albert could finish up his studies out of the ideas he received out of your blog. It is now and again perplexing to just possibly be giving for free helpful tips which often other people have been trying to sell. Therefore we already know we have the website owner to thank because of that. The type of explanations you’ve made, the easy website menu, the relationships you make it easier to foster – it is mostly astounding, and it’s letting our son in addition to our family do think the subject is enjoyable, and that is quite indispensable. Many thanks for the whole thing!
I like what you guys are up too. Such clever work and reporting! Keep up the superb works guys I have incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my site
Ist Ihre Gasrechnung auch zu hoch? Vergleichen Sie unter den Gasanbietern und senken Ihre Gaskosten um bis zu 65 % . online Gasanbieter vergleichen,Gasversorger wechseln und Gaskosten sparen!
Effectively written articles like yours renews my faith in today’s writers. You’ve written information I can lastly agree on and use. Thank you for sharing.
Easily have to exclaim your primary guide is often as extraordinary. Your purity in the information is superior and so i could well anticipate you’re an authority for this subject. Properly regarding your choice i want to to grab the materials to maintain up up to now that has arrival distribute. Thanks much many together with please cultivate a enjoyable work.
Advantageously, typically the submit is genuinely the extremely best about this laudable theme. To be certain with all your a conclusion and will thirstily await the following revisions. Genuinely stating cheers won’t only end up being suitable, to your very good readability within your creating. I could at once seize a person’s rss to sleep in abreast of virtually any upgrades. Fine job and significantly success within your organization business!
http://stephenwest614.over-blog.com/pages/are-you-currently-a-probable-customer-searching-the-internet-for-the-best-financing-solutions-that-c-6557209.html
Hello! I’m at work browsing your blog from my new iphone! Just wanted to say I love reading your blog and look forward to all your posts! Carry on the outstanding work!
Hey just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your post seem to be running off the screen in Internet explorer. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with web browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The style and design look great though! Hope you get the issue fixed soon. Thanks
Aloha BB, with regards to the reports by a Deputy Funds Minister, their BNM taking over probably won’t have an effect supplier financial products. Advise to use with the lenders. Good day Chang. This research was eager to reply to your entire concern once we arenrrrt into consumer banking industry. Maybe must speak bankers. Hi all Kopy, merely, for no reason hold the reproduction of this pointed out BNM taking over or sometimes round of golf. Considering that every single some other BNM suggestions or sometimes circulars, it may possibly be for the purpose of loan companies given that regulating communcations and should never pay off for the general public. We also analyzed and therefore looked BNM homepage as well as never available those.
Vi publicerade denna guide med mål att guida konsumenter utvälja billiga och bra webbhotell och samtidigt slippa problem i framtiden. Vissa webbhotell är mycket bra och säkra medans andra kan orsaka till med onödiga problem för dig. Det vanligaste problemet är att flera av de sämre webbhotellen är att de kör med oetisk och lögnaktig marknadsföring.
Online poker freerolls at My Virtual Stop.
http://www.cetstudy.cn/cet-moni/86208.html really answered my own drawback, thank you! balustrady
Whats up! http://www.cetstudy.cn/cet-moni/86208.html is exactly what I’m looking for. I’m attempting to arrange it now, but not able that will. How would I show all popular topics? If you could spell it out I’d really appreciate it. Please do respond! I’ve been looking through the night to find your web page. Thanks so much, sprzątanie Kraków!
Valuable info. Lucky me I identified your website by accident, and I’m shocked why this accident did not happened earlier! I bookmarked it.
Thanks for the marvelous posting! I genuinely enjoyed reading it, you’re a great author.I will ensure that I bookmark your blog and will eventually come back sometime soon. I want to encourage that you continue your great posts, have a nice afternoon!
Your pieces can never be anymore amusing simply because it really kept my eyes stuck to http://www.cetstudy.cn/cet-moni/86208.html. You have incredible talent and tend to be fortunate to be made with such great items. Anticipating your next article. sprzątanie Kraków
http://payday349034.wetpaint.com/page/Private+Student+Loan+Consolidation+-+Your+Answers+to+FAQs
I’d have to check with you here. Which is not something I usually do! I enjoy reading a post that will make people think. Also, thanks for allowing me to comment!
I simply could not go away your website before suggesting that I extremely loved the standard information a person supply on your visitors? Is gonna be again continuously to investigate cross-check new posts
Adult programs usually get features as well as routines when the ones for friends and family and also basic travel packages.
What others have stated and in some uncommon cases, suicide may well occur.
Denna länk hjälper dig med att välja ett säkert och billigt webbhotell. Ett flertal webbhotell har mycket att erbjuda samtidigt som andra tyvärr utnyttjar oärlig marknadsföring för att locka så många kunder som möjligt, vilket för kunden kan skapa problem.
Get up to 50000 forum backlinks with our backlinks service! Massive targeted traffic! Get large web traffic using amazing backlink blast available. We can post your marketing message up to 50000 forums around the web, get insane amount of backlinks and great targeted web traffic in shortest time. Most affordable and most powerful service for web traffic and backlinks in the world!!!! Your post will be published up to 50000 forums worldwide your website or blog will get instant traffic and massive increase in seo rankings just after few days or weeks so your site will get targeted long term traffic from search engines. Order now: backlinks!!!
http://www.migente.com/your_page/blog/view_posting.html?pid=1819470&profile_id=6975645&profile_name=earnestbrown1211&user_id=6975645&username=earnestbrown1211
Thank you for another sort of great post on http://www.cetstudy.cn/cet-moni/86208.html. Where else may only just anybody get that kind of information in their normal perfect manner of writing? I have a presentation in the future, and I am in the search for such info. sexfotka
Hello! Someone in my Myspace group shared this site with us so I came to take a look. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m bookmarking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Fantastic blog and superb design.
It requires…
a bit of resilience and some effort to read the assistance data supplied for every game. Added to the truth that there isn’t a…