当前位置: 首页 >> 四六级阅读,四级阅读 >> 文章正文

大学英语四级考试阅读笔记(21)

感谢您访问-www.cetstudy.cn - 分类: 四六级阅读, 四级阅读   浏览

Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:

66. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _________.

A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards

B) the amount of monetary rewards for student’s creativity

C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences

D) the effects of external rewards on students’ performance

67. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?

A) They have no doubts about them.

B) They have doubts about them.

C) They approve of them.

D) They avoid talking about them.

68. Which of the following can best raise students’ creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?

A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.

B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.

C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.

D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.

69. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _________.

A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students

B) punishment is more effective than rewarding

C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards

D) discouraging the students’ anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency

70. The phrase “token economies” (Line 1, Para. 5) probably refers to _________.

A) ways to develop economy

B) systems of rewarding students

C) approaches to solving problems

D) methods of improving performance

Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

注：1.opposing 相反的

2.插入语 from warm praise to cold cash 用来解释 external rewards

3.argue 认为

4.maintain 认为，维持

●对比型文章：文章提到两种相反观点，抓住以下几点

1.文章主题即对比方面；

2.抓住各派观点

3.抓住作者态度（a.支持一派反对另一派 b.中立态度）

The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of

small monetary (金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

注：1.spark 火花激发

2.作者用词 careful, properly 表明作者态度是中立的

67. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?

A) They have no doubts about them.

B) They have doubts about them.

C) They approve of them.

D) They avoid talking about them.

注：只有B 项为负态度

“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, “says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”

注：anticipation 期望，预期

A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.

注：uninspired 没有灵感的

inspire 激励，有灵感

In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

66. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _________.

A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards

B) the amount of monetary rewards for student’s creativity

C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences

D) the effects of external rewards on students’ performance

注：文章第一段 divided 对应opposing，attitude 对应 views，A和B选项涉及插入语，为次要成分干扰选项，C为窜句干扰选项

●窜句选项：根据题干关键词回文章定位对应语句，如该句话包含题干答案，则凡涉及该段其他语句的选项为窜句选项；如该句不包含答案，到其上下句中寻找答案

Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

68. Which of the following can best raise students’ creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?

A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.

B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.

C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.大学英语四级阅读超级攻略

D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.

注：中立调和态度观点，A和B选项来自第三段第一句，错误推理

“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”

69. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _________.

A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students

B) punishment is more effective than rewarding

C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards

D) discouraging the students’ anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency

A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades

注：D选项是错误推理

70. The phrase “token economies” (Line 1, Para. 5) probably refers to _________.

A) ways to develop economy

B) systems of rewarding students

C) approaches to solving problems

D) methods of improving performance

注：1.token economy 是与“外部奖励”有关的内容

2.A选项是字面意思。有文章主题词的选项优选，本文主题词 reward

Tags:
你给文章评几分:
上一篇:
:下一篇

1,494 Responses to “大学英语四级考试阅读笔记(21)”

« 早前评论
较新评论 »
  1. pa retirement communities 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 9:27 下午

    Rarely do I encounter a blog that’s both educated and entertaining, and let me let you know, you could have hit the nail on the head. Your concept is excellent; the difficulty is something that not enough people are speaking intelligently about. I’m very happy that I stumbled across this in my quest for something referring to this.

    回复
  2. Hawaii dentist 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 8:26 下午

    Superb website…

    [...]always a big fan of linking to bloggers that I love but don’t get a lot of link love from[...]……

    回复
  3. Gededichdamzyt 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 6:48 下午

    http://nanacatalog.com/jcow/index.php?p=blogs/viewstory/50108

    回复
  4. traffic cones 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 6:28 下午

    Hey, you?re the goto expert. Thanks for haingng out here.

    回复
  5. Tajemnice smallville sezon 10 lektor pl chomikuj 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 5:29 下午

    I must express my passion for your generosity in support of women who actually need guidance on your situation. Your special dedication to getting the message throughout had been quite good and have specifically encouraged others just like me to arrive at their dreams. Your amazing insightful recommendations denotes a whole lot a person like me and far more to my office colleagues. Thanks a ton; from each one of us.

    回复
  6. Novela.pl kiedy sie zakocham 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 5:17 下午

    I wish to express some appreciation to this writer just for bailing me out of this particular problem. Because of scouting through the world wide web and coming across suggestions that were not helpful, I assumed my life was well over. Existing without the strategies to the difficulties you have sorted out through your website is a crucial case, and ones that might have badly affected my career if I had not come across your web site. Your personal capability and kindness in dealing with the whole thing was vital. I’m not sure what I would have done if I hadn’t come upon such a step like this. It’s possible to at this time relish my future. Thanks for your time very much for this professional and result oriented guide. I won’t hesitate to propose your web page to any person who ought to have guide on this situation.

    回复
  7. house painter 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 4:42 下午

    I’m not sure exactly why but this weblog is loading incredibly slow for me. Is anyone else having this problem or is it a issue on my end? I’ll check back later on and see if the problem still exists.

    回复
  8. הזמנה לחתונה 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 2:08 下午

    אתר עם מידע על הזמנות לבר מצווה, נוסח הזמנה לחתונה, מעטפות והזמנות לחתונה דוגמאות מומלץ!

    回复
  9. basement window well covers 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 12:30 下午

    I like your way of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back soon.

    回复
  10. tech support long island 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 12:03 下午

    There are certainly a variety of details like that to take into consideration. That is a great point to bring up.

    回复
  11. binaural beats 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 11:03 上午

    Hi my family member! I wish to say that this article is awesome, great written and include approximately all important infos. I would like to peer more posts like this .

    回复
  12. Overmax netbook ov ml 01 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 9:59 上午

    I just wanted to jot down a brief remark to appreciate you for all of the superb facts you are placing here. My extensive internet research has at the end of the day been rewarded with useful facts and strategies to go over with my partners. I ‘d admit that most of us readers actually are truly blessed to exist in a fabulous community with so many special individuals with valuable solutions. I feel very happy to have come across the web pages and look forward to really more entertaining minutes reading here. Thanks once again for everything.

    回复
  13. reverse osmosis filter 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 9:55 上午

    The best of friends must part.

    回复
  14. Denver Martini Lounge 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 9:34 上午

    I genuinely enjoyed this. It was extremely educational and helpful. I will return to examine on upcoming posts

    回复
  15. rest homes in auckland 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 8:35 上午

    I see fairly a few associate entrepreneurs that shy away from selling high-worth point products, considering, “who’s going to need to purchase that?”. I’m with you, although – it’s a good suggestion to offer quite so much of products at different worth factors to appeal to a variety of consumers. http://www.greenvalleylodge.getlisted.co.nz/rest-homes-in-auckland

    回复
  16. sex site free 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 8:29 上午

    Excellent write-up. I’m a normal visitor of your web internet site and appreciate you taking the time to preserve the exceptional internet site. I will probably be a frequent visitor for a long time.

    回复
  17. ego C 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 5:58 上午

    ego C…

    [...]the time to read or visit the content or web-sites we have linked to below the[...]…

    回复
  18. on the laptop 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 5:39 上午

    I was reading some of your content on this website and I conceive this internet website is actually informative ! Keep on putting up.

    回复
  19. Sala samobójców ogladaj online za darmo 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 4:43 上午

    Thanks so much for giving everyone an extraordinarily superb chance to discover important secrets from this blog. It is often very superb and packed with a good time for me and my office colleagues to search your blog minimum 3 times in 7 days to read the latest issues you have. And definitely, I’m also always fulfilled with your surprising solutions served by you. Certain 1 facts on this page are clearly the most impressive we’ve ever had.

    回复
  20. Heathrow taxi 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 4:01 上午

    Heathrow taxi…

    [...]although web sites we backlink to below are considerably not connected to ours, we feel they are essentially worth a go by means of, so have a look[...]…

    回复
  21. Torrenty 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 2:13 上午

    Hmm is anyone else encountering problems with the images on this blog loading? I’m trying to find out if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog. Any responses would be greatly appreciated.

    回复
  22. houston computer network support 说：
    2012年02月9日 于 1:22 上午

    Comment…

    you have a great blog here! would you like to make some invite posts on my blog?…

    回复
  23. website design west palm beach 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 8:44 下午

    Your current blogs normally have got alot of really up to date info. Where do you come up with this? Just stating you are very creative. Thanks again

    回复
  24. racing games 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 6:35 下午

    racing game…

    It has always been my perception that good writing like this takes research and talent. It’s very apparent you’ve gotten performed your homework. Nice job!…

    回复
  25. Excerpt 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 4:33 下午

    will find…

    enthusiasm the games arouse in kids signifies that they’ll want to move straight to the video games with out losing a lot time…

    回复
  26. land for sale franklin county 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 2:24 下午

    Nice post. I learn one thing on different blogs everyday. It will at all times be stimulating to read content from different writers and practice a bit of something from their blog.

    回复
  27. W ciemnosci online chomikuj 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 11:03 上午

    I have to show my thanks to the writer for bailing me out of this scenario. Because of researching throughout the online world and finding tricks which were not pleasant, I was thinking my entire life was well over. Living minus the approaches to the issues you have resolved all through your main guide is a serious case, as well as the kind which may have in a wrong way affected my entire career if I had not come across the blog. Your personal expertise and kindness in maneuvering a lot of stuff was vital. I don’t know what I would have done if I hadn’t come upon such a solution like this. I can also at this time look forward to my future. Thanks for your time so much for the professional and result oriented guide. I will not be reluctant to recommend the website to any individual who should receive recommendations about this situation.

    回复
  28. Sprawdziany z niemieckiego aha neu 2a z ksiazki dla nauczycieli 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 10:57 上午

    I needed to draft you one little bit of remark to help thank you so much once again for the precious tactics you have featured on this page. It’s so incredibly generous of you to offer unreservedly all a number of people could have offered for sale as an e-book to generate some bucks on their own, most notably now that you might well have tried it if you ever decided. The techniques in addition acted like the fantastic way to be certain that someone else have similar fervor similar to my personal own to know the truth more and more around this condition. I know there are millions of more enjoyable opportunities in the future for individuals that browse through your blog post.

    回复
  29. estimulantes sexuais 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 9:21 上午

    What are you saying, man? I recognize everyones got their own viewpoint, but really? Listen, your weblog is cool. I like the work you put into it, specially with the vids and the pics. But, come on. Theres gotta be a better way to say this, a way that doesnt make it seem like everyone here is stupid!

    回复
  30. outdoor playsets 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 7:16 上午

    This actually answered the downside, thanks!

    回复
  31. phthalate free pvc 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 7:05 上午

    Witty! I’m bookmarking you site for future use.

    回复
  32. jack the ripper 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 6:53 上午

    Hello! I just want to give an enormous thumbs up for the good data you’ve here on this post. I might be coming back to your weblog soon.

    回复
  33. lawn care md 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 6:53 上午

    Kudos to that!

    回复
  34. it company sydney 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 6:39 上午

    After researching a number of of the weblog posts on your website now, and I truly like your way of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking again soon. Pls try my site as well and let me know what you think.

    回复
  35. it companies london 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 5:32 上午

    I am often blogging and i really appreciate your content. The article has really peaked my interest. I am going to bookmark your site and keep checking for new information.

    回复
  36. computer repair waterford mi 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 5:12 上午

    Aw, this was a really nice post. In thought I wish to write like this – taking time and precise effort to make an excellent article is very rare…

    回复
  37. mobile security 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 5:01 上午

    Awesome job on this post.

    回复
  38. Ladies flat shoes 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 4:45 上午

    Lovely post, I’ll have to bookmark this

    回复
  39. Carlo Pridgeon 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 3:20 上午

    Aw, this was a really nice post. In concept I want to put in writing like this additionally – taking time and actual effort to make a very good article… but what can I say… I procrastinate alot and in no way seem to get one thing done.

    回复
  40. Lucien Yohn 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 3:16 上午

    Someone necessarily help to make significantly posts I’d state. This is the first time I frequented your website page and thus far? I amazed with the research you made to make this actual put up amazing. Fantastic activity!

    回复
  41. office copier 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 2:16 上午

    I¡¦ve been exploring for a little bit for any high quality articles or blog posts on this sort of area . Exploring in Yahoo I finally stumbled upon this web site. Studying this information So i am satisfied to exhibit that I’ve an incredibly good uncanny feeling I came upon exactly what I needed. I most indisputably will make sure to don¡¦t omit this web site and give it a glance on a relentless basis.

    回复
  42. Business Webdesign Chennai 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 1:41 上午

    I¡¦ve read several excellent stuff here. Undoubtedly value bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how much effort you put to create 1 of these superb informative web site.

    回复
  43. Napisy do filmu skóra 说：
    2012年02月8日 于 1:31 上午

    I needed to draft you one little bit of word so as to give thanks yet again for the remarkable suggestions you have contributed on this site. It was certainly open-handed of you to give unreservedly all that many people might have advertised as an e book to earn some dough for their own end, even more so now that you might have tried it in the event you desired. Those basics as well acted to become easy way to know that the rest have the identical fervor the same as my personal own to learn more pertaining to this condition. Certainly there are several more enjoyable periods in the future for many who check out your site.

    回复
  44. Tyrell Andreoni 说：
    2012年02月7日 于 10:20 下午

    With havin so much written content do you ever run into any problems of plagorism or copyright infringement? My site has a lot of exclusive content I’ve either authored myself or outsourced but it appears a lot of it is popping it up all over the internet without my authorization. Do you know any ways to help prevent content from being ripped off? I’d definitely appreciate it.

    回复
  45. home entertainment furniture 说：
    2012年02月7日 于 10:15 下午

    I feel like I’m often searching for fascinating items to read about a variety of niches, but I manage to consist of your weblog among my reads every day because you have compelling entries that I look forward to. Here’s hoping there’s a great deal much more wonderful material coming!

    回复
  46. what cause bad breath 说：
    2012年02月7日 于 9:57 下午

    Hi! I’m at work browsing your blog from my new iphone! Just wanted to say I love reading through your blog and look forward to all your posts! Keep up the great work!

    回复
  47. New Excerpt 说：
    2012年02月7日 于 8:26 下午

    I would like…

    help in figuring out whether or not they are suitable to children of specific ages. But it is very important do not forget that…

    回复
  48. kent seo 说：
    2012年02月7日 于 7:29 下午

    Wow, incredible blog structure! How long have you been blogging for? you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your site is great, let alone the content material!

    回复
  49. digi article blaster 说：
    2012年02月7日 于 6:33 下午

    digi article blaster…

    Thanks for the writeup. I definitely agree with what you might be saying. I’ve been talking about this topic so much recently with my brother so hopefully it will get him to see my point of view. Fingers crossed!…

    回复
  50. Wirtschaft News 说：
    2012年02月7日 于 5:27 下午

    In einem Blog über Finanzen kann man alles Mögliche zum Thema erfahren.

    回复
« 早前评论
较新评论 »

发表评论

友情链接