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2009年6月大学英语六级翻译指导及练习（5）

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　　CET翻译共有5句话。分值占卷面总分5％。我们的目标是全拿！文章中会给大家介绍一些翻译策略和应试技巧，相信对大家做题有所帮助。

　　[1] 翻译题的做题策略及练习

　　[2] 答案和详解

　　翻译策略

　　7）增词法

　　译文中添加一些原文没有的词句，表面看似不忠实于原文，但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有，而是隐含在原文中的。要知道，从一种语言文字向另一种语言文字转换，优势可以找到一种语言文字在另一种语言文字中的对等词，然而要想全部依赖对等词的转换来达到翻译的目的是几乎不可能的。不同语言文字所持有的习惯决定了必须根据其中一种语言文字的习惯来适当的曾词（或减词）达到多语言交际的目的。如果机械的按照字面意义直译，不仅不能表达原文的思想，精神与形象，而且还会使译文前后矛盾，闹出笑话。试想，如把“七擒孟获”机械译成to catch/capture Meng Huo for 7 times，不同文化背景的外国读者就很难真正的理解这个典故的内涵。

　　例1：听到你平安的消息，非常高兴！

　　译文：I was very glad to hearing that you were in safety!（增补主语）

　　例2：勤能补拙

　　译文：It is diligence that makes up for the deficiency. （增补强调句里的it）

　　例3：对不起，打扰一下！

　　译文：Excuse me for interrupting you! （增补宾语的代词 you）

　　除了在翻译时要注意及时增补语法功能词之外，有时还需要增补与汉语文化内涵相关的信息。

　　如：“三个臭皮匠，抵个诸葛亮”应当译文：Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhu Geliang, the master mind. 译文里the master mind就是个增补注释的表达。否则外国人不可能知道Zhu Geliang是谁。

　　8）减词法

　　减词是在不影响愿意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语，避免拖泥带水，如“他们开始研究近况，分析近况”中的两个“近况”可以省略一个，只译成They began to study and analyze the recent situation. 因为原汉语总的两个“近况”是为了强调，但英文里如果也译成两个the recent situation. 不仅显得啰嗦也不符合英文表达习惯。

　　例1：这种制度，条件成熟的可以实行，条件不成熟的不要实行。

　　译文：This system can be adopted where conditions are ripe and not otherwise. （省略原文中重复出现的词语）

　　例2：我们要解决失业问题。

　　译文：We should reduce unemployment. （省略范畴词“问题”）

　　例3：She laughed and then shrugged her shoulders.

　　译文：她大笑起来，然后耸了耸肩。（省略主代词“her”）

　　另外，有些汉语里的词语如果译成英文反而会影响英语修饰效果，必须在译成英文时省去。如：”活到老，学到老”应该怎么翻译呢？

　　译文1：If we could live an old age, we should keep learning at the old age.

　　译文2：We’d better keep on learning even though we are old.

　　译文3：Live and learn.

　　上面三种译法，大家认为哪一种可取呢？前两种是逐字翻译，将”老”字译出来，虽然说理解上不受影响，但总觉得说话拖泥带水，松散无力。”活到老，学到老”是表示一种坚持不懈的精神，即：人无时无刻要学习。译文3没有把”老”译出来，看似不忠于原文，但却充分传达了原文鼓励大家不懈努力，坚持学习的精神，而且语言生动简练，表达有力度，也符合英语习惯。所以说，这句用减词法恰到好处。

　　Exercise Five

　　1.In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to _______________ （像我一样享受乘坐公车的乐趣）.

　　2.By practicing these, I have been able to _____________ （在智育方面我一直能不断进步）.

　　3.According to a recent survey, four million people ______________ （死于与吸烟有关的疾病）each year.

　　4.______________（没有一项发明获得如此多的表扬和批评）than Internet.

　　5.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize ______________ （教育不能随着毕业而结束）.

　　解析：

　　1. enjoy the bus ride like me

　　解析：”享受……的乐趣”直接用enjoy翻译即可。”乘坐公交车”在这里相当于一个名词短语，因此应翻译成bus ride而不是take the bus。如果将句子翻译成enjoy taking the bus，意思就与enjoy the bus ride稍有区别。前者强调动态，表示某个动作的进行，后者强调静态，表示某一经常性习惯性做法。

　　2. make constant progress in intellectual education

　　解析：”不断进步”是指不断取得进步，”取得进步”用短语make progress。”不断”应选择constant。”在智育方面”作状语置于句末。

　　3. die of diseases linked to smoking

　　解析：本句意为”由最近调查显示，每年有400万人死于与吸烟有关的疾病”。”死于……”既可以用短语die of也可以用die from，但考生应注意两者用法上的区别。”与……相关”可以选用related to，associated with，linked to。

　　4. No invention has received more praise and abuse

　　解析：本题考点是关于”没有……比……更……”的表达，前后比较的是物–”其他发明”与”因特网”。它的基本结构是：no ＋ sth. …more than…。也可以用于人的比较，如：Of all the people I know, perhaps none deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.

　　5. that education is not complete with graduation

　　解析：”随着……而结束/终结”要用be complete/ end with sth.，采用的是词性转换法。将句中的动词”结束”转换成英语里的形容词complete。当然，如果大家译成动词end也是可以的，即：that education cannot end with graduation。另外，本句需填入的是一个从句，因此不能遗漏that。[ad]

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