应试技巧
汉语无主句译成英语被动句
汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了可用英语无主句、“There be…”结构或者根据情景补出语境来翻译之外，运用被动语态来翻译也是常用技巧。
例1 ____________（利用电脑）to collect the data much better.
译文：Computer is used
例2 没有能量，没法做功。
译文：No work can be done without energy.
例3 通常六点半开灯。
译文：The lights are usually turned on at 6：30.
这三句都没有讲明动作的主语是谁，因此考试的时候翻译成英语时最好的办法是运用被动语态。
被动语态是一个独立的语态，而不是由主动语态转变而来的从属性语态。主动句与被动句的转换是受到词汇和结构等因素的限制的。汉译英时不能拘泥于原结构，要摆脱原句状态的局限，采用灵活多样的翻译技巧。但是，考生一定要在语态选择中注意以下这两点：我要收藏
第一，有一些动词和词组不能用于被动语态。它们是：come true，consist of，take place，happen，become，rise，occur，belong，break out，appear，arrive，die，fall，last，exist，fail，succeed等。
例4 __________（这件事发生）before liberation
译文：This took place
第二，下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义，而且常与well，quite，easily，badly等副词连用。它们是：wash（洗），sell（卖），read（读），wear（穿），blame（责备），ride（乘坐），write（写）等。
例5 Glass breaks easily.
译文：玻璃容易被碰碎。
例6 The car rides smoothly.
译文：这车走起来很稳。
例7 The book sells well.
译文：这本书很畅销。
例8 He is to blame.
译文：他应该受到责备。
例9 The pen writes well.
译文：这支钢笔很好写。
例10 This fabric will wash.
译文：这种织物很耐洗。
下期介绍数字的表达哦。
Exercise Twelve
1. The professor required that ________________ （我们交研究报告）by Wednesday.
2. Though a skilled worker， _______________ （他被公司解雇了）last week because of the economic crisis.
3. It was reported that 65% of traffic accidents in this city _______________ （是由行车不慎造成的）.
4. ________________（希特勒是武装到牙齿的）when he launched the Second World War，but in a few years，he was completely defeated.
5.They are having a discussion ________________（目的是寻找改善质量的途径）.
答案：1. we hand in our research report(s)
解析：本句意为：教授要求我们在周三前交研究报告。由require引导的that宾语从句在表示指令性含义的时候应该用虚拟语气，即：require that sb. (should) do sth.通常should可以省略。required用过去时态是个干扰项，如果考生没有注意到虚拟语气的话可能就会把需填补部分的动词“交”错译成handed in. 类似的动词还有：advise，ask，beg，command，decide，decree，demand，desire，determine，insist，move（建议），order，prefer（宁愿），propose，recommend，request，require，suggest（建议），urge（极力主张），vote等。类似的形容词有：advisable，appropriate，better，best，desirable，essential，fitting，imperative，important，impossible，incredible，insistent，natural，necessary，obligatory，preferable，proper，ridiculous，strange，surprising，urgent，vital等。句末的by Wednesday表示在某个时间之前，这虽然不是本题考点，但考生应该看到by Wednesday和on Wednesday的区别。
2. he was fired by the company
解析：本句意为：虽然是个有经验的工人，但是由于经济危机他上周被公司解雇了。很多同学在口语表达中容易说成though…but…，这是受了汉语母语负迁移的影响，在书面语中是绝对不允许的。让步状语从句though和but绝对不能同时出现在一个句子里，就像because和so一样。“解雇”在英语里有很多表达：fire，dismiss，kick out，throw out，sack等。Though a skilled worker是Though he was a skilled worker的省略表达。考生还要注意分析本题的逻辑关系：前后两个部分是转折含义，大的转折中又包括一个小的因果。
3. arose from careless driving
解析：本题考查惯用搭配。“行车不慎”可以翻译成careless driving；“由……造成”用arise from。arise主要用于指无形的、抽象的东西的出现或产生；arise from表示“由……引起”，“因……产生”，下列搭配也可用来表达这一意思：be caused by，bring on，result in，give rise to等。考生容易将rise与arise混淆：rise通常指起身或用于事物自动升起或映入眼帘，还可以指水、价格等上涨。例如：That candidate rose to his feet to deliver his speech.（那位候选人站起来发言。）
4. Hitler was armed to the teeth
解析：本句意为：在发动第二次世界大战时，希特勒是武装到牙齿的，但是没有几年他就被彻底打败了。本题需要用直译法翻译。通过前面的讲解大家已经知道，直译法是按照原文的表层意思进行翻译，它的好处是不仅保留了原文的内容也保留了原文的形象、比喻、民族地方色彩等。“武装到牙齿”是说军队装备精良，战备充分，具有较强抵御和攻击能力。有同学可能会意译成Hitler prepared very well或Hitler had strong armed forces或Hitler prepared first-class military equipment，意译并没有错，但在内涵、力度和韵味上就远没有原文生动形象，表达起来枯燥乏味。“武装到牙齿”是一个汉语习语，英文里恰好也有一个习语be armed to the teeth，含义相同，韵味不减。
5. to find ways to improve the quality
解析：本题考查不定式作后置定语。discussion是后置定语修饰的中心词。“目的是……”可以用in order to，so as to，to来表示。不定式作后置定语从句都可以转换成：“…whose purpose is to…”的结构，如：They are having a discussion whose purpose is to find ways to improve the quality.（他们正在进行一场目的为想办法提高质量的讨论。
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