上期大家对“增加了……倍”的译法进行了讨论。
先做道例题:与去年同期相比,今年的出口总量增长了两倍。(就是增长到三倍)
正确译文:The total amount of the export has increased by three times, compared to the same time last year.(使用by)
或:The total amount of the export has increased three times, compared to the same time last year.(什么都不用)
或:The total amount of the export has increased threefold, compared to the same time last year.(使用ad. threefold)
或:The total amount of the export has increased to three times, compared to the same time last year.(使用to)
分析:今年出口总量增加了两倍,是说在去年的基础上再增加了两倍。那么,也就是说今年的产量应该已经增长到去年同期的三倍。所以,翻译成by twice是误译。正确答案是by three times和上述其余形式。还是比较疑惑的同学可以参考 这里。或者PM我。
总结一下increase 3 times,increase to 3 times和increase by 3 times三者同义,即意思都是“增加到三倍”,(增加了两倍),即“乘三”。今后的节目也会有数字表达的专题。
可见,对数字的翻译并不是想象中那么简单,很有必要搞清楚关于数字的各种句型以及它们的确切表达方式和翻译方法。只有熟练掌握各种表达的差异,才能避免在翻译中出现这类错误。Exercise Four
1. ________________ (在所有运动中),I like jogging in particular.
2.It’s said that this hospital __________________(附属于那所著名的大学).
3.He has ________________(头脑很快).
4.With the rapid development of Taiwan’s economy , _______________(许多社会问题产生了).
5. ___________________ (每当我想到我家附近哪一条被污染的小溪),I couldn’t but fell sad.
答案:
1. Among various kinds of sports
解析:全句意为:在各种运动中,我尤其喜欢慢跑。说“在……中”我们通常用介词in。但这里“在所有运动中”,实际上是给出了所有运动项目的范围,“我”在众多项目中作出一个选择,并不是指位置上的“在……里面”。可选用among…,或of all the…来表达。
2. is attached to that famous university
解析:belong to虽然有“属于”的含义。但它是不及物动词,不可用于被动语态。有考生可能会译成this hospital belonged to that famous university,这样语法上虽然成立,但不符合词语内涵。中文“附属”不完全等于belong,belong to 体现不出“附着”的概念。因此,我们可用attach来代替belong to。Be attached to是指附在……上的,隶属于……。所以正解为is attached to that famous university。但这种用法要和attach…to… 区分开来,如:attach importance to…(认为有重要性);attach himself to me(他老粘着我)。
3. a quick mind
解析: rapid虽表示快,但它通常是指跑步,说话等速度快。此题是说他脑子反应很快。应该选择quick一词。Quick形容人时,可以表示聪明,领悟能力强。其他说法还有:quick-minded(脑子敏捷的);quick-tempered(性情急躁的);quick-witted(有机智的);quick-eared(耳尖尖的)。考生一定要注意近义词词义和词域的辨别。
4. a lot of social problems have arisen
解析:本句意为:随着台湾经济的快速发展,许多社会问题也随之产生。问题的产生可以用arise,但arise是不及物动词,不能用作被动语态。arise 常和from连用,如:Accidents arise from carelessness.(疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生)。句子需填入部分还可以译成:a lot of social problems have been caused. 除此之外,“产生”的英语表达有:come into being,give birth to, take place, bring about等。考生一定要分清它们各自的使用规则。另一组需要大家比较的词汇是:arise,rise,raise,arouse.
5. Whenever I thought of the polluted brook near my home
解析:“每当……的时候,就……”可译成:Whenever…/ Every time when…。下面这些表达也是常用句型。
每当我听到……?我就忍不住感到兴奋。
Whenever I hear … ,I cannot but feel excited.
每当我做…,我就忍不住感到悲伤。
Whenever I do…,I cannot but feel sad.
每当我想到…,我就忍不住感到紧张。
Whenever I think of…,I cannot but feel nervous.
每当我遭遇…,我就忍不住感到害怕。
Whenever I meet with…,I cannot but feel frightened.
每当我看到…,我就忍不住感到惊讶。
Whenever I see…,I cannot but feel surprised.
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