翻译策略
词性转换
词性转换不仅是重要的译词手段，也是常用的句法转换变通手段，是一种常用的翻译技巧。说白了，就是在必要的时候，将原文中的某个词的词性在译文里用其他词性表达出来。这种转换会使译文更加灵活变通，不必拘泥于原文形式，却能更准确传达出原文内涵。本部分内容主要从汉译英入手。从四个方面加以说明。
1） 汉语动词的转换
汉语动词的使用频率远远高于英语。这是因为按照英语句法，受主谓关系的限制，一个简单句或分句大多只有一个谓语动词。而且，英语还可以通过谓语动词以外各种词性的词来体现动词意义。因此将汉语句子里的动词转换为英语里其他词性的词是翻译中的常用技巧之一。
例1 这本书反映了30年代的中国社会。
译文:The book is a reflection of Chinese society in the 1930s.（将汉语动词转换为英语名词）
例2 他们不满足于现有的成就。
译文:They were not content with their present achievements.（将汉语动词转换为英语形容词）
例3 我想男孩与女孩的思维方式不同。
译文:I suppose boys think differently from girls.（将汉语动词转换为英语副词）
例4 你赞成还是反对这项计划？
译文:Are you for or against the plan？（将汉语动词转化为英语介词）
2）汉语名词的转换
英语中有很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的副词，形容词等。在汉译英时，汉语中的名词常常可以产生一些转换，从而更简洁有力地表达原文。
例5 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
译文:They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.（汉语名词转换为英语副词）
例6 钢的含炭量越高，强度和硬度就越大。
译文:The more carbon the steel contains, the harder and stronger it is.（汉语名词转换为英语形容词表示特征和性质）
例7 这就是你不对的地方。
译文:This is where you are wrong.（汉语名词转换为英语副词）
例8 我的体重比过去轻了。
译文:I weigh less than I used to.（汉语名词转换为英语动词）
3) 汉语形容词的转换
在汉译英时，汉语的形容词往往可以译成英语中的名词或副词。这些名词或副词通常具有抽象意义，而且往往由某些形容词派生而来。
例9 我们感到，解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。
译文:We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.（汉语形容词转换为英语名词）
例10有时候我们不得不为错误付出昂贵的代价。
译文:Sometimes we have to pay dearly for mistakes.（汉语形容词转换为英语副词）
4）汉语副词的转换
有时出于修辞和句法结构的需要，往往把汉语中的副词用英语其他词性的词来表达，这
也是翻译中的一个常用技巧。
例11 独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。
译文:Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.（汉语副词转换为英语名词）
例12 他以前经常来。
译文:He was a regular visitor.（汉语副词转换为英语形容词）
例13 我成功地说服了他。
译文:I succeeded in persuading him.（汉语副词转换为英语动词）
总之，在英汉互译中，我们可以利用词类的变化，使句型结构发生变化，为语言的转换提供更大的可行性和灵活性。
Exercise Seven
1.I replied to her that _______________ （我将会接受她的邀请）.
2.She was angry with her husband ,so _____________ （她不理不睬）when he spoke to her..
3.How could we get news in our own society or abroad ______________ （没有报纸的话）?
4.The latest census shows that China’s population ______________ （已超过10亿）
5.We have had ten recorders ,but we still need ____________（需要这么多）as again.
答案：
1. I would accept her invitation
解析：本题考点一是时态的一致。由于前半句时态是replied，因此“将要”应译为would。本题考点二是“接受”的英文表达。accept和receive都有表示接受的意思。receive指客观已经发生的情况。它只表明事实上收到某物而不管接受者主观上是否愿意接受。如：My father received a letter this morning. 而accept带有主动或赞许的意味，表示不但收下某物，而且内心也同意接受。如：Please accept my little present.下面这句话可以帮助大家分清两个词的使用域：He received an invitation yesterday but he did not accept it.（他昨天收到一份邀请，但却没有接受。）
2. she ignored him
解析：由句意可知，她是对丈夫生气了，因而丈夫和她说话时她不予理睬。本题要注意ignore和neglect在含义上的差别。Ignore是故意不理睬别人，而neglect是表示疏忽（责任等），并非故意，常和to连用，如：Don’t neglect to lock the door.
3. without newspaper
解析：本句是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句，虚拟语气句并不一定全部要用if条件句引导。很多情况下，一些介词或介词短语，副词短语的出现要求整个句子使用虚拟语气。without就是其中之一。如：I couldn’t have passed this exam without your help.（没有你的帮助，我不可能通过这次考试。）这句话用if条件句来表达就是I couldn’t have passed this exam if I hadn’t had your help. 除了without外，英语里还有很多这样的词或短语是虚拟语气标志词。如：as if，as though，lest，for fear that，in case，even if，even though，in order that，so that，大家在复习虚拟语气语法点的时候要注意总结。
4. has exceeded one billion
解析：本句意为：据最新的人口普查，中国人口已超过10亿。本题一是要正确写出数字“10亿”，二是要正确选词“超过”，三是要注意完成时态。
5. as many
解析：本题考查倍数对等的正确说法，可以用“… as ＋adj. ＋as…”的结构。本句意为：我们已经有10台录音机了，但是我们还需要10台。
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