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大学英语六级(CET6)翻译题举例及解析(8)

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　　翻译策略

　　综合法

　　有些句子单独使用一种翻译方法是很难翻译好的，需要用几种方法进行综合处理，然后再按照时间顺序，主从结构或逻辑关系等重新排列，即进行句子重组。

　　我们先来看一句汉译英：

　　例1 除了服务于说本族语者的需要外，英语也是科学、技术和其他领域一些重要著作编撰时所使用的语言，这些著作并非总是由以英语为母语的人所编撰的。

　　这句话虽然很长，但其实只说明了一个问题——英语是一个什么样的语言？由句子可知，英语有以下功能：服务于以母语的人；在科学等领域编撰著作时使用。英语还具有一个特征：用于科学等领域的书籍编撰时，并非总是由以英语为母语的人来担纲。而在英语的两个功能中，本句尤其突出他的第二个功能，所以在翻译本句时要注意重点和句子结构的重组，有些部分可以处理成修饰语成分。

　　译文：English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology and other fields are being produced, not always by native speakers, besides serving the needs of its native speakers.

　　我们再来看一个由英文转换到中文的例子：

　　例2 The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.

　　译文：对人们来说，知识的技能及其应用是同样必不可少的，并且也是至关重要的，因为它们也有助于对人类本身下定义，同时允许人类追求日益真实的人的生活。

　　以上10类翻译策略和方法只有在平常的翻译实践中经常使用才能感受到它们的精妙之处。事实上，理论总是不断地被总结、优化和发展之中，除了上面介绍的这些方法之外，还有很多种翻译策略被我们大家有意或无意地运用着。读者在学有余力的情况下可以试着自己去探索、发现其他的翻译策略，多动脑筋，学会观察，善于总结。

　　Exercise Eight

　　1. _______________ （我们确定搞两个开放）：namely, to open up both externally and internally.

　　2. _____________ （不用说）that he’s been there before.

　　3. _____________ （真想不到）that he had done a thing like that.

　　4.Premier Zhou ________________（一心想着人民的利益）.

　　5. ____________（她非常不情愿地）that she agreed to help.

　　答案：

　　1. We have decided on an open policy in two respects

　　解析：本题考查了语序的调整。“两个开放”在原句中充当宾语，但是英语却不能说two opens，只能理解成“在两个方面实行开放政策”。因此，“搞两个开放”应处理成“动词＋宾语＋状语”的结构。另外，“搞”字在英语中没有一个绝对的对等词，而且“搞”在汉语是一个动词，经常带一些宾语、状语、补语，这些成分和“搞”字一起传情达意。读者在英译的时候应注意对“搞”字的准确翻译。如：

　　你到底在搞什么？

　　What the hell are you doing？

　　大量的数学作业搞得我头昏脑胀。

　　A great number of math exercises make my head swim.

　　你最好耐心一些，否则会把事情搞僵了。

　　You’d better be patient, or you might bring things to a deadlock.

　　这兄弟俩看起来很像，别把他们搞错了。

　　The two brothers are very much alike. Don’t mistake one for another.

　　他思路搞通了，精神也就愉快了。

　　Once he straightened out his ideas，he became cheerful again.

　　这孩子把房间搞得一团糟。

　　The kid made the room a total mess.

　　2. It’s needless to say

　　解析：考生应留意否定词译法，即在have，there be及情态动词后面加no或not，在实义动词前面加上do或does not，在某些省略句中加上no。本题考查的是派生词用法。和汉语不同，英语单词词根可以加上前缀或后缀以改变单词本义，如ab-，dis-，im-，ir-，il-，mal-，non-，un-，under-，less等都是表示否定意义的词缀。

　　3. It was unexpected

　　解析：考生应注意照顾前后时态一致，考查的是“形式主语it＋形容词＋that-从句”的结构。如果题干改为________（真想不到）his doing a thing like that，答案就要相应改为fancy。fancy one’s doing带有更强烈的语气，惊讶程度也比it’s unexpected高。

　　4. has always had the interests of the people at heart

　　解析：英语里“一心想着”、“总是想着”可以用短语always think about、have sth.. at heart、be preoccupied with sth. 来表达。但是它们的感情色彩是截然不同的。第一个短语是一般性用语，感情色彩为中性；第二个短语感情色彩为褒义；第三个短语往往后接不好的事情，是贬义词。如：

　　我总是想着一放假就早点回家。

　　I always think about going back home earlier once on vacation.

　　王子一心想着复仇。

　　The Prince was preoccupied with revenge.

　　5. It was very reluctantly

　　解析：本题较难。考查的并不是形式主语句，二是一个强调句型。本句可以说成：She agreed to help very reluctantly. 原句的需填补部分是对状语的强调，以突出“极不情愿”这一信息中心。强调句用途很广，我们可以根据上下文和语义意图分别强调句子的主语、间接宾语、直接宾语、状语等。

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